|
Literatur und Schriften
Badakhshana Rock Agama KHAN, B., AHMED, W., ABLIMIT, A., FAKHRI, S. & H. ALI (2012): Range extension of four highland agamid lizards in Shimshal Pamir, Pakistan. – Journal of Arid Land, 4 (1): 77-84. As part of the Sino-Pak trans-boundary cooperation for conservation and sustainable development in Pamir border region, World Wild Fund (WWF)-Pakistan conducted a preliminary social, economic and ecological survey in the Shimshal-Pamir Lakes area in July 2009. The purpose of the study was to explore potentials and opportunities for future collaborative conservation of some species, habitats and high altitude ecosystems in the border region between China and Pakistan. The two-week herpetological study in the Shimshal Pamir area of Khunjerab National Park (KNP) along Pakistan-China border was an integral part of the survey, conducted exclusively to document reptilian fauna with a special emphasis on investigating their occurrence, distribution and status in the study area. Field investigations were performed during daytime when it was hot enough and reptiles were active, basking or feeding. A total of 15 specimens belonging to four species of the Agamidae family were captured by striking stones and beating bushes with sticks. Collected specimens were preserved using 10% formalin solution, tagged with field information and stored in Zoological Survey Department, Karachi for future reference. Laboratory investigations were carried out for pholidosic counts and morphometric measurements. A detailed review of relevant literature, habitat characteristics and laboratory investigations revealed the occurrence of Laudakia himalayana, L. pakistanica, L. tuberculata and L. badakhshana at 4,082 m, 4,172 m, 4,005 m and 4,240 m asl, respectively, which are much higher altitudes as compared to the previously reported heights of 3,353 m, 3,200 m, 2,500 m and 2,400 m asl. The terrain offers a variety of ecological barriers, in the form of fast and freezing running waters and massive glaciers with peculiar harsh climatic conditions prevailing for nine months of the year, which restricts species migration and thus increases endemism. Although one of the four species recorded from the study area, i.e. L. pakistanica is endemic to Pakistan, L. tuberculata and L. badakhshana are new records from Shimshal, Pakistan, so a detailed investigation is suggested for further herpetological records from the study area.
ANANJEVA, N.B. & G. PETERS (1982): Notizen über Agama chernovi aus Tadzikistan (UdSSR) und ihre Umwelt. – herpetofauna, 4 (20): 8-11. ANANJEVA, N.B., PETERS, G. & V.T. RZEPAKOVSKY (1981):New species of the mountain agamas from Tadjikistan Agama chernovi sp. nov. – Procceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences, USSR, 101: 23-27. GOLUBEV (1998): Agama chernovi is a junior synonym of Stellio bochariensis (Sauria: Agamidae). –Hamadryad, 22: 119-120. LIESACK, H. (1989): Agama chernovi im Terrarium. – Aquarien Terrarien, Leipzig, 36 (11): 27-29. (1237) NIKOLSKY, A.M. (1897): Stellio bochariensis n. sp. – Annuaire Musée Zoologique de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétetrsbourg, 2: 159-161.
Kaukasus-Agame / Caucasian Agama ANANJEVA, N.B. & C.A. ATAYEV (1984): Stellio caucasius triannulatus ssp. nov. – A new subspecies of the Caucasian Agama from south-western Turkmenia. – Trudy, Zoological Institute, Akademii Nauk USSR, Leningrad, 124: 4-11. ANANJEVA, N.B. & L.J. BORKIN (1979): Distribution and geographic variability of Agama caucasia (Eichwald, 1831). - Proc. zool. Inst., Leningrad 89: 4 - 17 (in Russ. language with Engl. summary) ANANJEVA, N.B. & R.A. DANOV (1991): A rare case of bifurcated caudal regeneration in the Caucasian agama, Stellio caucasius. – Amphibia-Reptilia, Leiden. 12: 343-356. ANANJEVA, N.B. & S.A. KALYABINA-HAUF (2006): On the problems of the Rock Agamas of Laudakia caucasia-complex (Agamidae, Sauria). – Modern Herpetology, 5/6: 5-17. ANANJEVA, N.B. & V.F. ORLOVA (1979): Distribution and geographic variability of Agama caucasia (Eichwald, 1831). – Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, 89: 4-17. (in Russisch) ANDERSON, S.C. (1999): Laudakia caucasia (Eichwald, 1831) - In: Lizards of Iran. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Oxford, Ohio: 70-73. ATAEV, C. (1974): Features of hibernation of Agama caucasica in the conditions of the Kopet-Dag Range. – Ekologiya, 1974 (2): 76-78. (in Russisch). BARAN, I., KASPAREK, M. & M. ÖZ (1989): On the distribution of four species of agama (Agamidae) in Turkey. – Zoology in the Middle East, Heidelberg, 3: 37-46. Kurzfassung: Die Verbreitung des Harduns, Agama stellio, der Kaukasischen Agame, A. caucasia, der Ruinenagame, A. ruderata, und des Sonnenguckers, Phrynocephalus helioscopus, in der Türkei wird durch Punktkarten dargestellt. A. stellio und A. caucasia schließen sich gegenseitig horizontal und vertikal aus. Das Areal von A. stellio wird durch die März-Isotherme von 8°C und die Juli- und August-Isothermen von 24°C definiert. A. ruderata kommt zwar in den großen, ursprünglichen Steppengebieten Zentral- und Südost-Anatoliens vor, fehlt aber in den Steppen Ost-Anatoliens. BISCHOFF, WS. (1973): Echsen des Kaukasus 1. Kaukasusagame, Agama caucasica (Eichwald) 1831. - Aquarien Terrarien, Leipzig, 20 (8): 274-275. (1241) CHEATSAZAN, H., KAMI, H.G., KIABI, B.H. & V. RABANI (2006): Sexual dimorphism in the Caucasian Rock Agama, Laudakia caucasia (Sauria: Agamidae). - Zoology in the Middle East, 39 (1): 63-68. Bei 71 Männchen und 38 Weibchen der Kaukasischen Agame, Laudakia caucasia, vom Iranischen Plateau wurden 14 morphometrische und 10 meristische Merkmale untersucht, um den Sexualdimorphismus zu quantifizieren. Die Männchen haben größere Körperlängen und längere Körperglieder, spitzigere und voluminösere Köpfe und dazu in der Midventral- und Präanal- Region häufig auch eine stärker entwickelte Beschuppung. Keine der meristischen Eigenschaften unterscheidet sich zwischen den Geschlechtern signifikant. Der Sexualdimorphismus entspricht damit dem Muster innerhalb der agamiden und iguaniden Echsen. Mit Hilfe multivarianter Methoden (multidimensionale Skalierung und Faktoranalyse) kann zwischen den Geschlechtern keine Feinunterscheidung herausgearbeitet werden, wahrscheinlich aufgrund der geringen morphologischen Distanz oder aufgrund der Überlappung morphologischer Eigenschaften bei jungen Alttieren. The distribution of the Caucasian agama (Laudakia caucasia) has been studied related to structural parameters during spring and summer 2010 in an area of 9186 ha in the Sorkh-e-Hesar National Park, Tehran province, Iran. The habitat parameters included structure properties of plant coverage, plant richness, proportional surface coverage of rock and bare soil, distance to the nearest shelter and topography (slope, cardinal direction and altitude). In total, 92 plots were sampled and habitat suitability was analysed using binary logistic regression. Results showed that, ordered by significance, rocky coverage, bare soil and plant coverage are the most efficient factors explaining the presence of the agama species in the study area. The relationship of each significant habitat parameter is briefly discussed in the context of the lizard’s biology, and its need for thermally and structurally suitable microhabitats. Life history traits of lizard species, including agamid species, generally involve male-larger body size, but age of these species has not adequately been examined in each cohort. We thus conducted a skeletochronological study using 16 preserved specimens of Paralaudakia caucasia (8 males, 6 females, and 2 juveniles) captured from Elmadağ, Iğdır, Turkey. Mean snout-vent length was slightly but insignificantly larger in males (120.2 mm) than in females (115.9 mm). Maximum longevity was 10 years in males and 6 years in females. No significant difference in age structure was found between the sexes. Juveniles were 2-year old young. Mean age was 7.12 years for males and 5.33 years for females. Sexually matured individuals were found at the end of the second or third years (i.e., first reproduction occurred at 3 – 4 years). A positive correlation was detected in age and body size in both sexes, as has previously been shown in other lizard species. Our finding of age structure in P. caucasia would contribute to our understanding of life-history trait variations among lizard species. Predictive potential distribution modeling is crucial in outlining habitat usage and establishing conservation management priorities. In this paper we provide detailed data on the distribution of the Caucasian rock agama Paralaudakia caucasia, and use species distribution models (MAXENT) to evaluate environmental suitability and potential distribution at a broad spatial scale. Locality data on the distribution of P. caucasia have been gathered over nearly its entire range by various authors from field surveys. The distribution model of P. caucasia showed good performance (AUC = 0.887), and predicted high suitability in regions mainly located in Tajikistan, north Pakistan, Afghanistan, southeast Turkmenistan, northeast Iran along the Elburz mountains, Transcaucasus (Azerbajan, Armenia, Georgia), northeastern Turkey and northward along the Caspian Sea coast in Daghestan, Russia. The identification of suitable areas for this species will help to assess conservation status of the species, and to set up management programs. Phenotypic variation can be expected among individuals of a species having a broad geographic distribution because genetic uniqueness can be exaggerated by adaptation to local environmental conditions. Paralaudakia caucasia is a widely distributed agamid species in the western Palearctic that occupies a region from Pakistan to the Lesser Caucasus. To describe the geographic variation in this taxon from Pakistan to the Lesser Caucasus, we examined 49 male P. caucasia from three regions in Iran (western Elburz, central Elburz, and eastern Elburz) and one in Pakistan. Twenty-five morphometric and meristic characters were examined using analyses of variance and principal components analysis. Of the measured characters, 21 were different among these populations. The differences among males representing the four groups indicate that these groups exhibit geographic variation corresponding to differences in environmental conditions from east to west. We suggest that future studies using more material from differentiated populations across the entire range will better elucidate how the environment has shaped this species’ morphology.
ILGAZ, C., BARAN, I., AVCI, A., OLGUN, K. & Y. KUMLUTAS (2005): On Laudakia caucasia (EICHWALD, 1831) (Sauria: Agamidae: Laudakia) specimens collected from Northeastern Anatolia. – Russian Journal of Herpetology, 12 (3): 183-186. An updated information on the distribution and ecology of the Caucasian rock agama, Paralaudakia caucasia, is provided from Chitral district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. The comparison of 25 morphometric measurements and scale counts of the collected specimens was carried out with its closely related species. Based on scale counts and descriptive characters, Paralaudakia caucasia is distinguishable from Paralaudakia microlepis and other related taxa on the basis of several characters. Paralaudakia caucasia is also found to be the most common and adoptable lizard in the harsh climate of Chitral district. During hibernation period from Mid October to Late March, we removed testis of Laudakia caucasia. Based on histological and statistical analyses we obtained two phases in spermatogenesis in this lizard as follows: (a) from October to December, in which the spermatogenesis is inactive and (b) from January to March, in which the spermatogenesis is active. Spermatogenesis during late hibernation occurred without spermiogenesis. An evidence for this is that the first and secondary spermatocytes were produced but lumena of the seminiferous tubules were without spermatozoa. Twenty-two Laudakia caucasia (Agamidae) from Iran were examined for helminths and found to harbor 3 species of Nematoda: Skrjabinodon pigmentatus, Spauligodon lacertae, and Thelandros baylisi. Laudakia caucasia represents a new host record for Sk. pigmentatus and Sp. lacertae; Iran is a new locality record for all 3 nematode species. Thelandros baylisi had the highest prevalence of infection (91%) followed by Sk. pigmentatus (45%) and Sp. lacertae (36%). Fifteen Laudakia caucasia and 25 Laudakia stellio from Turkey were examined for helminths. Laudakia caucasia harbored 1 species of Cestoda, Oochoristica tuberculata, and 3 species of Nematoda, Foleyella candezei, Parapharyngodon tyche, and Thelandros baylisi. Laudakia caucasica represents a new host record for O. tuberculata, P. tyche, and T. baylisi. Laudakia stellio harbored 6 species of Nematoda, Foleyella candezei, Parapharyngodon kasauli, Parapharyngodon tyche, Thelandros taylori, Strongyluris calotis, and third-stage ascaridoid larvae. Laudakia stellio represents a new host record for F. candezei, P. kasauli, S. calotis, T. taylori, and ascaridoid larvae.
ZYKOVA, L.Y. & E.N. PANOV (1990): On possible hybridization between the agamas Stellio caucasius and S. erythrogaster. – Zoologicheski´i Zhurnal, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 69 (7): 103-106. (in Russisch)
Redbelly Rock Agama AGHILI, H., RASTEGAR-POUYANI, N., RAJABIZADEH, M., KAMI, H.G. & B.H. KIAN (2010): Sexual dimorphism in Laudakia erythrogastra (Sauria: Agamidae) from Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeastern Iran. – Russian Journal of Herpetology, 17 (1): 51-59. ANANJEVA N.B., GOLYNSKY E.A. & S.S. HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI (2018): Analysis of distribution of the redbelly rock agama, Paralaudakia erytrogaster (Nikolsky, 1896) Sauria: Agamidae: using of Maxent modelling. – In: Herpetological and ornithological research: current aspects. KMK Scientific Press Saint Petersburg, Moscow: 68-77. (in Russisch) Predictive potential distribution modeling is of increasing importance in modern herpetological studies for determination of environmental and conservation priorities. In this article we provided results of analysis and forecasts of the potential distribution of Redbelly rock agama Paralaudakia erythrogaster (Nikolsky, 1896) using the distribution models through Maxent (www.cs.princeton.edu/ ~ schapire / maxent). We made an attempt for comparison of input of bioclimatic factors and characteristics of biotope distribution for two sympatric species caucasia-erythrogaster species group. Constructed model identifi ed dissemination of Paralaudakia erythrogaster enough performance (AUC = 0.995 with dispersion 0.000). According to the map constructed, the most suitable habitats of smallscaled rock agama Paralaudakia erythrogaster are located in south-eastern Turkmenistan, north-eastern Iran and in mosaic spots of north-eatern Afghanistan. The aim of the study is to show the level of adaptation of reptiles to a natural habitat through skin pigmentation, using definitions of RGB coordinates, which are the main colour characteristics. Here, the coloration of the Redbelly Rock (Khorasan) Agama’s skin is compared with the shades of the enclosure simulating the mountain substrate, which is the natural habitat of the lizard. The following average parameters of RGB coordinates have been determined: imitation of the mountain substrateRGB (170, 139, 128); the agama’s skin covering-RGB (177, 136, 100). The data obtained are indicative of the protective coloration in the agama.
Himalayan Agama DUJSEVAYEVA, T.N., ANANJEVA, N.B. & L.V. MIROSHNICHENKO (2007): Studies on spezialized epidermal derivatives in iguanian lizards. I. Gross morphology, topography and histology of callose scales in the Asian Rockm Agama, Laudakia himalayana (Steindachner, 1869) (Squamata: Agamidae). – Amphibia-Reptilia, 28: 537-546. FLÄSCHENDRÄGER, A. & M.H. HOFFMANN (2018): Anmerkungen zur Höhenverbreitung von Paralaudakia himalayana (STEINDACHNER, 1867). – Sauria, Berlin, 40 (3): 75-77. KHAN, B., AHMED, W., ABLIMIT, A., FAKHRI, S. & H. ALI (2012): Range extension of four highland agamid lizards in Shimshal Pamir, Pakistan. – Journal of Arid Land, 4 (1): 77-84. As part of the Sino-Pak trans-boundary cooperation for conservation and sustainable development in Pamir border region, World Wild Fund (WWF)-Pakistan conducted a preliminary social, economic and ecological survey in the Shimshal-Pamir Lakes area in July 2009. The purpose of the study was to explore potentials and opportunities for future collaborative conservation of some species, habitats and high altitude ecosystems in the border region between China and Pakistan. The two-week herpetological study in the Shimshal Pamir area of Khunjerab National Park (KNP) along Pakistan-China border was an integral part of the survey, conducted exclusively to document reptilian fauna with a special emphasis on investigating their occurrence, distribution and status in the study area. Field investigations were performed during daytime when it was hot enough and reptiles were active, basking or feeding. A total of 15 specimens belonging to four species of the Agamidae family were captured by striking stones and beating bushes with sticks. Collected specimens were preserved using 10% formalin solution, tagged with field information and stored in Zoological Survey Department, Karachi for future reference. Laboratory investigations were carried out for pholidosic counts and morphometric measurements. A detailed review of relevant literature, habitat characteristics and laboratory investigations revealed the occurrence of Laudakia himalayana, L. pakistanica, L. tuberculata and L. badakhshana at 4,082 m, 4,172 m, 4,005 m and 4,240 m asl, respectively, which are much higher altitudes as compared to the previously reported heights of 3,353 m, 3,200 m, 2,500 m and 2,400 m asl. The terrain offers a variety of ecological barriers, in the form of fast and freezing running waters and massive glaciers with peculiar harsh climatic conditions prevailing for nine months of the year, which restricts species migration and thus increases endemism. Although one of the four species recorded from the study area, i.e. L. pakistanica is endemic to Pakistan, L. tuberculata and L. badakhshana are new records from Shimshal, Pakistan, so a detailed investigation is suggested for further herpetological records from the study area.
Turkestan Rock Agama ANANJEVA, N.B. & E.A. GOLYNSKY (2013): Analysis of distribution of the Turkestan rock agama, Paralaudakia lehmanni (Nikolsky, 1896): using of Maxent modeling. - Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 317 (4): 426–437. Methods of modeling and predicting the potential ranges to determine the limiting factors and conservation priorities are increasingly important in modern herpetological studies. In present paper we provide an analysis and forecast of the potential distribution of the Central Asian rock agamid species, – Turkestan rock agama (Paralaudakia lehmanni), and analyze the characteristics of its habitat preference using Maxent (www.cs.princeton.edu/ ~ schapire / maxent). We used the data from 19 bioclimatic variables (Bio 1–19) obtained from the database WorldClim (http://www.worldclim.org/ current), and the geographical coordinates of 70 localities from the whole distribution range, explored at different times. This method allows identifying the factors that have a major impact on the distribution of living organisms. The constructed model of distribution of P. lehmanni revealed enough good performance (AUC = 0.990 at variance 0.004) and predicted that the most suitable Turkestan rock agama habitats are located in the eastern Uzbekistan, western and central Tajikistan, as well as in adjacent areas of the western Kyrgyzstan and northern Afghanistan.
Smallscaled Rock Agama ANANJEVA, N.B. & J. ATAJEV (1984): Stellio caucasica triannulatus - A new subspecies of the caucasian Agama from South- Western Turkmenia. - Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 124: 4-11. ANANJEVA, N.B., GOLYNSKY, E.A., HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI, S.S. & R. MASROOR (2014): Distribution and Environmental Suitability of the Smallscaled Rock Agama, Paralaudakia microlepis (Sauria: Agamidae) in the Iranian Plateau. Asian Herpetological Research 5 (3): 161–167.Predictive potential distribution modeling is of increasing importance in modern herpetological studies and determination of environmental and conservation priorities. In this article we provided results of analysis and forecasts of the potential distribution of smallscaled rock agama Paralaudakia microlepis (Blanford, 1874) using the distribution models through Maxent (www.cs.princeton.edu/ ~ schapire / maxent). We made an attempt for comparison of input of bioclimatic factors and characteristics of biotope distribution for three species of genus Paralaudakia. Constructed model identified dissemination of Paralaudakia microlepis enough performance (AUC = 0.972 with dispersion 0.003). According to the map constructed, the most suitable habitats of smallscaled rock agama Paralaudakia microlepis are located in southern and eastern Iran, the west of central Pakistan and southeastern Afghanistan. ANDERSON, S.C. (1999): Laudakia microlepis (Blanford, 1874) - In: Lizards of Iran. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Oxford, Ohio: 76-78. BLANFORD, W.T. (1874): Descriptions of new lizards from Persia and Baluchistàn. - Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (4) 13: 453-455. CHEATSAZAN, H., V. RABANI & A. MAHJOORAZAD (2008): Sexual dimorphism and sexual dichromatism in the Small-scaled Rock Agama, Laudakia microlepis (Blanford, 1874) (Sauria: Agamidae). - Zoology in the Middle East, 45: 41-48. SANCHOOLI, N., RASTEGAR-POUYANI, E. & S. HOSSEINIAN (2018): Genetic variability among Paralaudakia microlepis (Blanford, 1874) (Sauria: Agamidae) populations in the Iranian Plateau. – Zootaxa, 4526 (2): 245-250. The small scaled rock agama, Paralaudakia microlepis, is an agamid lizard distributed across many parts of the Iranian Plateau. In the present paper, our aim is to study the genetic variability among different populations of this species in Iran. Based on the ND4 mitochondrial gene fragment, we uncovered high levels of genetic variability between three main clades of the species in Iran. Based on these results, the South Khorasan and Fars populations diverged firstly and then the Kerman and the Sistan-Baluchestan populations split. This pattern of divergence suggests an important role of the Zagros Mountain in the differentiation among populations of P. microlepis in Iran during the mid-Miocene. The Zagros uplift and subsequent aridification in the Iranian Plateau might have been involved in the variation among populations of this species because they are restricted to specific ecological niches. The greater genetic distances between the Fars and South Khorasan populations indicated that they have the potential to be described as different subspecies of P. microlepis. Comparison of all P. microlepis, P. erythrogastra and P. caucasia populations using both molecular and morphological characters is needed to make a strong taxonomic decision on the clade as a whole.
Mongolia Rock Agama SHI, L. & E. ZHAO (2008): First record of subspecies from China. - Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 33 (1): 207-211. (in Chinesisch) SMIRINA, E.M. & N.B. ANANJEVA (2007): Growth layers in different bones ansd acrodont teeth of the agamid lizard Laudakia stoliczkana (Blanford, 1875) (Agamidae, Sauria). – Amphibia-Reptilia, 2: 193-204. WU SONGLIN & YANG SHUFANG (1995): Observation on anatomy, histology and ultrastructure of the lung of Agama stoliczkana. – Zoological Research, 16 (3): 262, 280, 288. (in Chinesisch) Paralaudakia stoliczkana stoliczkana (BLANFORD,1875) Paralaudakia stoliczkana altaica (MUNKHBAYAR & SHAGDARSUREN, 1970) zurück / back |
||||||||||||