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Literatur und Schriften
DENG, L., WANG, J., LIU, X.L., WANG, Y., XU, C., HUANG, Q. & Y. WANG (2010): Preliminary study on Japalura batangensi hibernation. - Sichuan J. Zool., 29 (1): 73-74. (in chinesisch) LI, C., DENG, Q., WU, Y. & Y. WANG (2001): A new species of Japalura from Sichuan (Agamidae Gray. Japa Liura) (sic). – Journal of Sichuan Teachers College (Natural Science), 22 (4): 329-331. (in chinesisch) WU, GAO & QIN (2005): A re-description of Japalura batangensis. - Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 24 (3).
Bowo Mountain Dragon WANG, K., GAO, W., WU, J., DONG, W., FENG, X., SHEN, W., JIN, J., SHI, X., QI, Y., SILER, C.D. & J. CHE (2021): Two new species of Diploderma HALLOWELL, 1861 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the hengduan Mountain Region in China and rediscovery of D. brevicaudum. (Manthey, Wolfgang, Hou, Wang, 2012). – Zootaxa, 4941 (1): 1-32. Recent studies have highlighted the underestimated diversity of the genus Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 in the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China, but much of the region remains poorly surveyed for reptile diversity. In this study we describe two new species of Diploderma from the upper Jinsha and middle Yalong River Valley, based on evaluations of morphological, genetic, and distribution data. The two new species are morphologically most similar to D. angustelinea and D. vela, but they can be diagnosed from both recognized taxa and all remaining congeners by a suite of morphological features, particularly the distinct coloration of gular spots. Additionally, both new species either render other recognized species paraphyletic or are allopatric with respect to their morphologically similar congeners. Furthermore, we rediscover D. brevicaudum in the wild for the first time, which was known from historical museum specimens only. We estimate the phylogenetic position of D. brevicaudum within the genus Diploderma based on mitochondrial genealogy, and we provide an expanded diagnosis and comparisons against closely related congeners and provide a detailed description of coloration in life based on newly collected specimens. Our discoveries of the new Diploderma species further highlight the urgent conservation needs of the currently neglected hot-dry valley ecosystems in the Hengduan Mountain Region of China.
MANTHEY, U., DENZER, W., HOU, M. & WANG, X. (2012): Discovered in historical collections: Two new Japalura species (Squamata: Sauria: Agamidae) from Yulong Snow Mountains, Lijiang Prefecture, Yunnan, PR China. – Zootaxa 3200: 27–48. Several specimens from historical collections made in Yunnan (PR China) were found to be inconsistent with hitherto known species of Japalura. Two species are described as new: Japalura brevicauda spec. nov. and Japalura yulongensis spec. nov. Diagnostic features for the new species are compiled and a key to closely related species is produced. The geo-graphical distribution of these species is outlined and discussed. WANG, K., GAO, W., WU, J., DONG, W., FENG, X., SHEN, W., JIN, J., SHI, X., QI, Y., SILER, C.D. & J. CHE (2021): Two new species of Diploderma HALLOWELL, 1861 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the hengduan Mountain Region in China and rediscovery of D. brevicaudum. (Manthey, Wolfgang, Hou, Wang, 2012). – Zootaxa, 4941 (1): 1-32. Recent studies have highlighted the underestimated diversity of the genus Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 in the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China, but much of the region remains poorly surveyed for reptile diversity. In this study we describe two new species of Diploderma from the upper Jinsha and middle Yalong River Valley, based on evaluations of morphological, genetic, and distribution data. The two new species are morphologically most similar to D. angustelinea and D. vela, but they can be diagnosed from both recognized taxa and all remaining congeners by a suite of morphological features, particularly the distinct coloration of gular spots. Additionally, both new species either render other recognized species paraphyletic or are allopatric with respect to their morphologically similar congeners. Furthermore, we rediscover D. brevicaudum in the wild for the first time, which was known from historical museum specimens only. We estimate the phylogenetic position of D. brevicaudum within the genus Diploderma based on mitochondrial genealogy, and we provide an expanded diagnosis and comparisons against closely related congeners and provide a detailed description of coloration in life based on newly collected specimens. Our discoveries of the new Diploderma species further highlight the urgent conservation needs of the currently neglected hot-dry valley ecosystems in the Hengduan Mountain Region of China.
Short-legged Japalure GRESSIT, J.L. (1936): New reptiles from Formosa and Hainan. – Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 49: 117-121. HUANG, W.-S. (1997): Reproductive cycle of the oviparous lizard Japalura breviceps (Agamidae: Reptilia) in Taiwan, Republic of China. – Journal of Herpetology, 31 (1): 22-29. OTA, H. (1989): Japalura brevipes GRESSITT (Agamidae: Reptilia), a valid species from a high altitude area of Taiwan. – Herpetologica, 45: 55-60. The validity of an agamid species Japalura brevipes Gressitt, previously synony-mized with J. swinhonis swinhonis, is confirmed by morphological and karyological evidences. Morphological variation in this species is quantified and the definition revised on the basis of the types and recently collected specimens.
Japalure BOURRET, R. (1937): Notes herpétologiques sur l’indochine française. XV. Lézards et serpents reçu au laboratoire des Sciences Naturelles de l’Université au cours de l’année 1937. Descriptions de deux espèces et de deux variétés nouvelles. - Bulletin Générale de l’Instruction Publique 5. Gouvernement Généneral de l’Indochine: 57-82. OTA, H. (1989): The status of an agamid lizard, Japalura swinhonis chapaensis BOURRET 1937, from Vietnam. - Journal of Herpetology, 23 (4): 447-450. OTA, H. & T. WEIDENHÖFER (1992): The first male specimen of the poorly known agamid lizard Japalura chapaensis Bourret, 1937 (Reptilia: Sauria), from Northern Vietnam, with notes on its taxonomic status. – The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 40 (2): 193-199. WANG, K., JIANG, K., WANG, Y.-F., POYARKOV, A.N., CHE, J. & C.D. SILER (2018): Discovery of Japalura chapaensis Bourret, 1937 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from Southeast Yunnan Province, China. – Zool. Res., 39 (2): 105-113. Japalure GAO, Z.-F. & M. HUO (2002): Description of a new Japalura species from western Sichuan Province, China. – Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 21 (1): 3-5. (in chinesisch)
Daocheng Mountain Lizard CAI, B. & ZHANG, M. & LI, J. & DU, S. & XIE, F. & HOU, M. & ZHOU, H. & JIANG, J. (2022): Three New Species of Diploderma HALLOWELL, 1861 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the Shaluli Mountains in Western Sichuan, China. – Asian Herpetological Research, 13(4): 205–223. DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.220040 In recent years, taxonomic research of the genus Diploderma has made great progress, but there are still areas lacking relevant investigations. During 2020–2021, we carried out survey of reptile diversity in and around the Shaluli Mountains and collected some specimens of Diploderma. Of which, based on systematics inferred from mitochondrial ND2 gene sequence and morphological data, three new species were recognized: Diploderma daochengense sp. nov. from the Shuiluo River and Muli River valleys in southeastern Daocheng County, D. xinlongense sp. nov. from the upper-middle valleys of the Yalong River in Xinlong County, and D. kangdingense sp. nov. from the Yalong River middle valley and Liqiu River valley. Specifically, these three new species formed three monophyletic lineages with strongly supported and nested into the subclade I of the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood trees. The uncorrected mean genetic distance between these new species and their closely related species was 4.3% (D. xinlongense sp. nov. vs. D. panchi), 3.4% (D. daochengense sp. nov. vs. D. yulongense) and 5.5% (D. kangdingense sp. nov. vs. D. bowoense), higher than many pairs of species of Diploderma. With respect to the morphology, D. daochengense sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed from D. yulongense by having smooth upper edge of the dorsolateral stripes, cyan or dark olive green to yellow gular spots in both sexes and light yellow or white ventrolateral body in males; D. xinlongense sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed from D. panchi by having cyan gular spot in both sexes; D. kangdingense sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed from D. bowoense by having more T4S 20–25 (average 23), more F4S 16–20 (average 17) and yellow to light yellow ventrolateral body, yellow gular spot present in males. To date, the number of species of the genus Diploderma has increased to 40, of which 37 species have been known in China.
Dwarf Mountain Dragon WANG, K., JIANG, K., REN, J., ZOU, D., WU, J., CHE, J. & C.D. SILER (2019): A new species of Dwarf Japalura sensu lato (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the upper Mekong River in Eastern Tibet, China, with notes on morphological variation, distribution, and conservation of two congeners along the same river. – Zootaxa, 4544 (4): 505-522. Despite being recognized as ecologically and biogeographically important, the biodiversity of the Hengduan Mountain Region, particularly along the upper Mekong River, remains poorly understood. Here we describe a new species of Mountain Dragon of the genus Japalura sensu lato Gray, 1853 from the headwater region of the Mekong River in Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The species is recognized as a member of the Japalura flaviceps Barbour & Dunn 1919 complex, and it can be distinguished readily from all congeners by a suite of morphological characteristics, including its dwarf appearance (small body size and disproportionally short tails and short hind limbs), smooth or weakly keeled ventral scales, feebly developed vertebral crests in males, and by the absence of distinct gular spots in males and females. In addition to the description of the new species, we also report morphological variations and range extensions of two recently described congeners along the same river, namely J. iadina and J. vela. We discuss the distribution patterns of the genus in the Hengduan Mountain Region and the urgent conservation priorities for protecting Japalura species along the Mekong River. According to our best available data, we provided IUCN assessments of the three species and propos to list them as nationally protected under the Chinese Wildlife Protection Act.
Dymond´s Japalure BOULENGER, G.A. (1906): Descriptions of new reptiles from Yunnan. - Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 17 (102): 567-568. DENG, Q. (1988): Notes on Japalura dymondi. - Acta Herp. Sinica, 1988: 149-150.
Banded Japalure GAO, Z. (1985): Japalura szechwanensis discovered in An County, Sichuan. - Sichuan J. Zool., 4 (2): 28. KÜHNEL, K.-D., KABISCH, K. & H.-J. HERRMANN (1995): Freilandbeobachtung von drei Arten der Gattung Japalura (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Sichuan und Yunnan (China). - Sauria, Berlin, 17 (4): 31-37. (1228) MANTHEY, U. & F. XIE (2013): Japalura fasciata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T170403A6777332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-RLTS.T170403A6777332.en MERTENS, R. (1926): Herpetologische Mitteilung X – Eine neue Japalura Art. – Senckenbergiana, 8: 146-149. OTA, H. (2000): Japalura szechwanensis, a junior synonym of J. fasciata. – Journal of Herpetology, 34 (4): 611-614. WEN, Y. (1984): A new record of lizards from Guangxi. - Acta Herpetol. Sin., 3 (1): 24. (In Chinesisch). WANG, X., CHEN, W., WANG, Z., GAO, Z. & G. WU (1987): Studies on the karyotypes of Japalura szechwanensis and J. flaviceps. - Acta Herpetol. Sin., 6 (1): 9-11. (In Chinesisch).
Szechwan Japalure BARBOUR, T. & E.R. DUNN (1919): Two new Chinese Japaluras. – Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club, 7: 15-19. KÜHNEL, K.-D., KABISCH, K. & H.-J. HERRMANN (1995): Freilandbeobachtung von drei Arten der Gattung Japalura (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Sichuan und Yunnan (China). - Sauria, Berlin, 17 (4): 31-37. (1228) WANG, X., CHEN, W., WANG, Z., GAO, Z. & G. WU (1987): Studies on the karyotypes of Japalura szechwanensis and J. flaviceps. - Acta Herpetol. Sin., 6 (1): 9-11. (In Chinesisch)
Bowo Mountain Dragon LI, L., XIANG, Y., LIU, F., WEN, Y., GUO, P., DONG, B. & Y. WU (2023): Comparative study on escape behavior of two related Mountain Dragons (Diploderma) from the Upper Jinsha River. – Sichuan J. Zool., 42 (3): 241-249. Escape behavior is an important component of anti-predation strategies in wildlife. It is of great significance to assess the impact of human disturbance on wildlife. The escape behaviors of male and female wildlife may be different due to their different physiological and reproductive roles. In this study，two closely related species，Diploderma batangense and D. formosgulae，from the upper Jinsha River were studied to explore their escape behavior at the intraspecific （hermaphroditic）and interspecific levels. The results showed that the two species had a consistent pattern of escape behavior of “probing-posture change-escape”. The flight distances of male D. formosgulae were significantly greater than those of the females，while their flight initiation distances and the proportion of refuge use were similar，while no significant differences in the flight distances，the flight initiation distances and the proportion of refuge use were detected between male and female D. batangense. This suggested that closely related species might bear much resemblance in escape behavior. In addition，the warning function of motion visual signals in anti-predation activities was not detected，though these signals were frequently used in the social communication of the dragon lizards. This study can provide some basis for the conservation of dragon lizard species in the Hengduan Mountains. Recent studies have highlighted the underestimated diversity of the genus Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 in the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China, but much of the region remains poorly surveyed for reptile diversity. In this study we describe two new species of Diploderma from the upper Jinsha and middle Yalong River Valley, based on evaluations of morphological, genetic, and distribution data. The two new species are morphologically most similar to D. angustelinea and D. vela, but they can be diagnosed from both recognized taxa and all remaining congeners by a suite of morphological features, particularly the distinct coloration of gular spots. Additionally, both new species either render other recognized species paraphyletic or are allopatric with respect to their morphologically similar congeners. Furthermore, we rediscover D. brevicaudum in the wild for the first time, which was known from historical museum specimens only. We estimate the phylogenetic position of D. brevicaudum within the genus Diploderma based on mitochondrial genealogy, and we provide an expanded diagnosis and comparisons against closely related congeners and provide a detailed description of coloration in life based on newly collected specimens. Our discoveries of the new Diploderma species further highlight the urgent conservation needs of the currently neglected hot-dry valley ecosystems in the Hengduan Mountain Region of China.
Graham´s Japalure
Hampton's Japalure WETTSTEIN, O. (1938): Eine neue Japalura aus Cambodja. - Zool Anz., 122: 175-177. Until recently, the agamid species, Japalura flaviceps, was recognized to have the widest geographic distribution among members of the genus occurring in China, from eastern Tibet to Shaanxi Province. However, recent studies restricted the distribution of J. flaviceps to the Dadu River valley only in northwestern Sichuan Province, suggesting that records of J. flaviceps outside the Dadu River valley likely represent undescribed diversity. During two herpetofaunal surveys in 2013 and 2015, eight and 12 specimens of lizards of the genus Japalura were collected from the upper Nujiang (=Salween) Valley in eastern Tibet, China, and upper Lancang (=Mekong) Valley in northwestern Yunnan, China, respectively. These specimens display a unique suite of diagnostic morphological characters. Our robust comparisons of phenotype reveal that these populations can be distinguished readily from J. flaviceps and all other recognized congeners. Herein, we describe the two Japalura lineages as new species, Japalura laeviventris sp. nov. and Japalura iadina sp. nov.. In addition, we provide updated conservation assessments for the new species as well as imperiled congeners according to the IUCN criteria for classification, discuss the importance of color patterns in the diagnosis and description of species in the genus Japalura, and discuss directions for future taxonomic studies of the group.
Emerald Mountain Dragon WANG, K., JIANG, K., ZOU, D.H., YAN, F., SILER, C.D. & J. CHE (2016): Two new species of Japalura (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Hengduan Mountain Range, China. – Zoological Research, 37 (1): 41-56. Until recently, the agamid species, Japalura flaviceps, was recognized to have the widest geographic distribution among members of the genus occurring in China, from eastern Tibet to Shaanxi Province. However, recent studies restricted the distribution of J. flaviceps to the Dadu River valley only in northwestern Sichuan Province, suggesting that records of J. flaviceps outside the Dadu River valley likely represent undescribed diversity. During two herpetofaunal surveys in 2013 and 2015, eight and 12 specimens of lizards of the genus Japalura were collected from the upper Nujiang (=Salween) Valley in eastern Tibet, China, and upper Lancang (=Mekong) Valley in northwestern Yunnan, China, respectively. These specimens display a unique suite of diagnostic morphological characters. Our robust comparisons of phenotype reveal that these populations can be distinguished readily from J. flaviceps and all other recognized congeners. Herein, we describe the two Japalura lineages as new species, Japalura laeviventris sp. nov. and Japalura iadina sp. nov.. In addition, we provide updated conservation assessments for the new species as well as imperiled congeners according to the IUCN criteria for classification, discuss the importance of color patterns in the diagnosis and description of species in the genus Japalura, and discuss directions for future taxonomic studies of the group.
LIU S, HOU M, ANANJEVA NB, RAO D 2023. Four new species of the genus Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 (Squamata, Agamidae) from China. ZooKeys 1148: 167-207
Kangding Mountain Lizard CAI, B. & ZHANG, M. & LI, J. & DU, S. & XIE, F. & HOU, M. & ZHOU, H. & JIANG, J. (2022): Three New Species of Diploderma HALLOWELL, 1861 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the Shaluli Mountains in Western Sichuan, China. – Asian Herpetological Research, 13(4): 205–223. DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.220040 In recent years, taxonomic research of the genus Diploderma has made great progress, but there are still areas lacking relevant investigations. During 2020–2021, we carried out survey of reptile diversity in and around the Shaluli Mountains and collected some specimens of Diploderma. Of which, based on systematics inferred from mitochondrial ND2 gene sequence and morphological data, three new species were recognized: Diploderma daochengense sp. nov. from the Shuiluo River and Muli River valleys in southeastern Daocheng County, D. xinlongense sp. nov. from the upper-middle valleys of the Yalong River in Xinlong County, and D. kangdingense sp. nov. from the Yalong River middle valley and Liqiu River valley. Specifically, these three new species formed three monophyletic lineages with strongly supported and nested into the subclade I of the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood trees. The uncorrected mean genetic distance between these new species and their closely related species was 4.3% (D. xinlongense sp. nov. vs. D. panchi), 3.4% (D. daochengense sp. nov. vs. D. yulongense) and 5.5% (D. kangdingense sp. nov. vs. D. bowoense), higher than many pairs of species of Diploderma. With respect to the morphology, D. daochengense sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed from D. yulongense by having smooth upper edge of the dorsolateral stripes, cyan or dark olive green to yellow gular spots in both sexes and light yellow or white ventrolateral body in males; D. xinlongense sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed from D. panchi by having cyan gular spot in both sexes; D. kangdingense sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed from D. bowoense by having more T4S 20–25 (average 23), more F4S 16–20 (average 17) and yellow to light yellow ventrolateral body, yellow gular spot present in males. To date, the number of species of the genus Diploderma has increased to 40, of which 37 species have been known in China.
Smooth-venter Mountain Dragon WANG, K., JIANG, K., ZOU, D.H., YAN, F., SILER, C.D. & J. CHE (2016): Two new species of Japalura (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Hengduan Mountain Range, China. – Zoological Research, 37 (1): 41-56. Until recently, the agamid species, Japalura flaviceps, was recognized to have the widest geographic distribution among members of the genus occurring in China, from eastern Tibet to Shaanxi Province. However, recent studies restricted the distribution of J. flaviceps to the Dadu River valley only in northwestern Sichuan Province, suggesting that records of J. flaviceps outside the Dadu River valley likely represent undescribed diversity. During two herpetofaunal surveys in 2013 and 2015, eight and 12 specimens of lizards of the genus Japalura were collected from the upper Nujiang (=Salween) Valley in eastern Tibet, China, and upper Lancang (=Mekong) Valley in northwestern Yunnan, China, respectively. These specimens display a unique suite of diagnostic morphological characters. Our robust comparisons of phenotype reveal that these populations can be distinguished readily from J. flaviceps and all other recognized congeners. Herein, we describe the two Japalura lineages as new species, Japalura laeviventris sp. nov. and Japalura iadina sp. nov.. In addition, we provide updated conservation assessments for the new species as well as imperiled congeners according to the IUCN criteria for classification, discuss the importance of color patterns in the diagnosis and description of species in the genus Japalura, and discuss directions for future taxonomic studies of the group.
Japalure LIU, S. & HOU, M. & RAO, D. & ANANJEVA, N.B. (2022): Three new species of Diploderma HALLOWELL, 1861 (Squamata, Agamidae) from the Hengduan Mountain Region, south-western China. – ZooKeys 1131: 1–30. Three new species of Diploderma are described from the Hengduan Mountain Region in south-western China, based on morphological and genetic data. The first new species from Yulong County, Yunnan Province is morphologically most similar and phylogenetically closely related to D. brevicauda, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by having a relatively longer tail; the second new species from Xiangcheng County, Sichuan Province is phylogenetically closely related to D. bowoense, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by the absence of a distinct gular spot; and the third new species from Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province is phylogenetically closely related to D. yulongense, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by having different colourations of the ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of the body. Taxonomy and diversity survey are the basis of species conservation, our discoveries contributing to better conservation of the species of this genus.
Japalure LU, G. & Y. HUANG (1996): Distribution and Habitat Preference of Japalura luei. Final report. Entrusted by: Executive Yuan Committee on Agriculture, Forest Service Bureau, Luodong Forest Area Management Office Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Forest Service Conservation Research Series No. 95-18. (In Chinesisch). LU, G. & Y. HUANG (1997): Distribution and Habitat Preference of Japalura luei. Final report (2/2). Entrusted by: Executive Yuan Committee on Agriculture, Forest Service Bureau, Luodong Forest Area Management Office Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Forest Service Conservation Research Series No. 95-18.(In Chinesisch). OTA, H., CHEN, S.-L. & G. SHANG (1998): Japalura luei: A new agamid lizard from Taiwan (Reptilia: Squamata). – Copeia, 1998 (3): 649-656.
Ota´s Japalure OTA, H. (1989): A new species of Japalura (Agamidae: Lacertilia: Reptilia) from Tainwan. – Copeia, 1989 (3): 569-576.
Menghai Mountain Lizard LIU, S., HOU, M., WANG, J., ANANJEVA, N.B. & D, RAO (2020): A New Species of Diploderma (Squamata: Sauria: Agamidae) from Yunnan Province, China. – Russian Journal of Herpetology, 27 (3): 127-148. We describe a new Diploderma species from Southern Yunnan Province, China. It is morphologically similar to D. chapaense, D. hamptoni, and D. yunnanense, but can be distinguished from these three species and all other congeners by its unique morphometric and meristic characters, color patterns and localized distribution range. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 sequence data also supports this point of view; the new species differs genetically from investigated congeners by percentage distance of 8.78 to 21.15%.
Japalure GAO, Z. (2001): Japalura micangshanensis-a new record of reptile in Sichuan. - Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 21 (1). GAO, Z.-F. & A.-M. QIN (2000): Japalura micanshanensis. – A new reptile record in Sichuan. – Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 19 (5): 27. (in chinesisch) LI, S., LI, C. & Y. WANG (2000): Japalura micangshanensis - A new agamid record in Gansu Province. - Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 19 (3): 156. ZHAO, H.P., WANG, H.L. & J.Q. LU (2012): Japalura micangshanensis: a lizard new to Henan Province, China. – Chin. J. Zool., 47 (3): 129-131. (in chinesisch)
ANANJEVA, N.B., ORLOV, N.L. & T.T. NGUYEN (2017): A new species of Japalura (Agamidae: Lacertilia: Reptilia) from Central Highland, Vietnam. – Asian Herp. Res., 8 (1): 14-21. New species of the agamid genus Japalura is described based on three specimens from southern part of Central Vietnam. It is distinguished from remaining congeners by the following combination of characters: adult size (SVL females 68–69 mm), tail length/SVL ratio 226%–239%, HW/SVL ratio 17%–18%; FLL/SVL ratio 41%–43%; HLL/SVL ratio 72%–73%; 7–9 supralabials, 7–9 infralabials, 54–56 middorsal scales, 20–22 lamellae under finger IV, 24–26 lamellae under toe IV, 1 scale between nasal and supralabials; tympanum concealed; absence of transverse gular fold. The geographical distribution of Japalura genus in general and of a new species in particular is discussed.
Ryukyu Japalure HALLOWELL, E. (1861): Report upon the Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under command of Capt. John Rogers, U. S. N. - Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12 [1860]: 480-510. KÄSTLE, W., SCHLEICH, H.H. & K.B. SHAH (1993): Contributions to the biology of Japalura tricarinata and J. polygonata (Sauria: Agamidae). – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 90 (2): 223-262. OTA, H. & T. HIKIDA (1983): Notes on the geographic variation in Japalura polygonata in the Ryukyu Islands. (Abstract). – Japan. J. Herpetol., 10 (2): 48. (In Japanisch) TANAKA, S. & M. NISHIHIRA (1981): Notes on an Agamid lizard, Japalura polygonata. - Biological Magazine Okinawa. 19: 33-39. Diploderma polygonatum polygonatum HALLOWELL, 1861 Ryukyu Japalure Ryukyu Japalure Ryukyu Japalure Ryukyu Japalure Ryukyu Japalure We investigated the underlying mechanism of coexistence of two sympatric Japalura lizards (Japalura swinhonis and Japalura polygonata xanthostoma). We examined the differences in resource use along three resource dimensions: time, space, and diet. Specifically we tested two ecomorphological hypotheses. Correspondence exists between: perch habitat and limb morphology, and diet and head morphology. The species with shorter forelimbs would perch on narrower surface. The species with larger heads would consume larger or tougher prey. The results showed that the two species did not divide resources by temporal partitioning. Spatially, the two species used similar macrohabitats. However, female J. swinhonis, perching lower and on narrower surfaces, differed from other groups in perch habitats. However, male J. swinhonis and J. p. xanthostoma, despite size and shape differences, were similar in perch habitat. In addition, high diet overlap was detected both intra- and interspecifically despite the presence of significant differences in head sizes. In conclusion, male J. swinhonis and J. p. xanthostoma used largely overlapping resources and therefore, might be potential competitors if resources are limited. We suggest that there was a trade-off between fighting ability and maneuverability because of morphological differences that allowed the coexistence of the two species. Although male J. swinhonis, being larger, may have better fighting ability, J. p. xanthostoma could maneuver around tree trunks and branches to search for prey and avoid fighting more easily.
Japalure LIU, S. & HOU, M. & RAO, D. & ANANJEVA, N.B. (2022): Three new species of Diploderma HALLOWELL, 1861 (Squamata, Agamidae) from the Hengduan Mountain Region, south-western China. – ZooKeys 1131: 1–30. Three new species of Diploderma are described from the Hengduan Mountain Region in south-western China, based on morphological and genetic data. The first new species from Yulong County, Yunnan Province is morphologically most similar and phylogenetically closely related to D. brevicauda, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by having a relatively longer tail; the second new species from Xiangcheng County, Sichuan Province is phylogenetically closely related to D. bowoense, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by the absence of a distinct gular spot; and the third new species from Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province is phylogenetically closely related to D. yulongense, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by having different colourations of the ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of the body. Taxonomy and diversity survey are the basis of species conservation, our discoveries contributing to better conservation of the species of this genus.
RAO, D., VINDUM, J.V., MA, X., FU, M. & J.A. WILKINSON (2017): A New Species of Japalura (Squamata, Agamidae) from the Nu River Valley in Southern Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan, China. – As. Herp. Res., 8 (2): 86-95. A population of Japalura from Yunnan Province, China, previously assigned to Japalura splendida, is described as a new species. The new species has been recorded between 1 138–2 500 m in the Nu River drainage between the towns of Liuku and Binzhongluo, and on the lower western slopes of the Nushan and eastern slopes of the Goaligongshan. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Japalura, except J. dymondi, by the following combination of characters: exposed tympani, prominent dorso-lateral stripes, and small gular scales. It is very similar with but differs from J. dymondi by having smooth or feebly keeled dorsal head scales, three relatively enlarged spines on either side of the post-occiput area, strongly keeled and mucronate scales on occiput area and within the lateral stripes, back of arm and leg green, higher number of dorsal-ridge scales (DS) and fourth toe subdigital scales (T4S). A principal component analysis of body measurements of adult male specimens of the new species and J. dymondi showed principal component 1 loading highest for upper arm length, fourth toe length and snout to eye length and principal component 2 loading highest for head width, head length and fourth toe length.
Chinesische Bergagame / Splendid Japalure / Green Striped Tree Dragon BARBOUR, T. & E.R. DUNN (1919): Two new Chinese Japaluras. – Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club, 7: 15-19. BEHNCKE, H., STÖHR, A.C., HECKERS, K.O., BALL, I. & R.E. MARSCHANG (2013): Mass-mortality in green striped tree dragons (Japalura splendida) associated with multiple viral infections. – Vetenary Record September 14, 2013. In spring 2011, high mortality in association with skin lesions, systemic haemorrhages and necrosis occurred in a group of green striped tree dragons (Japalura splendida) which were imported from southwestern China via Florida to Germany. Infections with various endoparasites were diagnosed in coprological examinations. Different antiparasitic and antibiotic treatments over a period of three months did not reduce the mortality rate. The remaining animals were therefore euthanased and submitted for additional testing. Predominant findings in pathological examination were granulomatous and necrotising inflammation of the skin, vacuolar tubulonephrosis of the distal renal tubules, hyperaemia and liver necrosis. Eosinophilic intranuclear and basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were detected in the liver. Virological testing (PCR and virus isolation methods) demonstrated the presence of ranavirus, adenovirus and invertebrate iridovirus. LAUE, E. (2005): Zur Haltung und Vermehrung der Chinesischen Bergagame Japalura splendida BARBOUR & DUNN, 1919. -. elaphe N.F., Rheinbach, 13 (1): 20-30. Inhalt: Beschreibung, Verbreitung und Lebensraum, Erwerb der Tiere, Haltung im Zimmerterrarium, Beleuchtung und Beheizung, Ernährung, Winterruhe, Verhalten, Fortpflanzung, Aufzucht der Jungtiere, Schlussbetrachtung. LAUE, E. (2007): Die Chinesische Bergagame Japalura splendida. – Vivaria-Verlag. 95 S. LAUE, E. (2009): Erfahrungen mit Krankheiten und Verlusten bei der langjährigen Pflege und Nachzucht der Chinesischen Bergagame Japalura splendida, veranschaulicht durch drei Fallbeispiele. – Iguana, 22 (1): 21-30. LIN, Z.H. (2004): Sexual dimorphism in head and body size and the growth during reproductive period in the lizard, Japalura splendida. - Sichuan J. Zool., 23 (3): 277-280. (In Chinesisch). SCHRADIN, H. (2004): Haltung und Nachzucht der Chinesischen Bergagame (Japalura splendida). – Reptilia, Münster, 9 (5): 56-66. WANG, G., GAO, Z.F., YU, P.J. & E.M. ZHAO (2007): Behaviour of Japalura splendida under artificial feeding condition. - Sichuan J. Zool., 26 (4): 834-836. (In Chinesisch) WETTSTEIN, O. (1938): Eine neue Japalura aus Cambodja. – Zool. Anz., 122: 175-177.
Swild Mountain Dragon WANG, K., WU, J.-W., JIANG, K., CHEN, J.-M., MIAO, B. & SILER, C.D. & J. CHE (2019): A new species of Mountain Dragon (Reptilia: Agamidae: Diploderma) from the D. dymondi complex in southern Sichuan Province, China. – Zool. Res., 40 (5): 456-465.
Taiwanesische Drachenagame / Taiwan Japalure BLOK, J. (1973): Belevenissen met een kleine agame von Formosa, Japalura swinhonisii. – Lacerta, 31 (6): 102-104. CHENG, H.-Y. & J.-I. LIN (1977): Comparative reproductive biology of the lizards, Japalura swinhornis formosensis, Takydromus septentrionalis and Hemidactylus frenatus in Taiwan. I. Male reproductive cycle. – Bull. Inst. Zool., Academia Sinica, 16 (2): 107-120. CHENG, H.-Y. & J.-I. LIN (1977): Comparative reproductive biology of the lizards, Japalura swinhornis formosensis, Takydromus septentrionalis and Hemidactylus frenatus in Taiwan. II. Fat body and liver cycles of the males.. – Bull. Inst. Zool., Academia Sinica, 17: 67-74. CHOU, W.-H. (1966): Observations on the postovipositional behaviour of the Taiwanese agamid lizard, Japalura swinhonis (Squamata: Reptilia). – Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science , Taichung, 7: 107-112. GÜNTHER, A. (1864): Description of Japalura swinhonis - In: The Reptiles of British India. London (Taylor & Francis) HUANG, W.S: (2007): Ecology and reproductive patterns of the agamid lizard Japalura swinhonis on an east Asian island, with comments on the small clutch sizes of island lizards. – Zool. Sci., 24: 181-188. IMATAKE, S., IMAIZUMI, N., MUTSUMURA, H., URAKAWA, M., KONAKA, Y., KIDA, T., YANAGITA, T., FULISAKI, H., WAKITANI, S. & M. YASUDA (2020): Reproductive cycle and maturation of Swinhoe’s tree lizard (Diploderma swinhonis (Günther, 1864)) in Hyuga City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 82 (10): 1551-1557. Swinhoe’s tree lizard (Diploderma swinhonis) is an arboreal agamid that is native to Taiwan. The species has been introduced to some areas of Japan and is regarded as an invasive alien species. In 2016, a nonnative population of D. swinhonis was discovered in Hyuga City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, but little information was available on the ecology of the population at the time. The main purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the reproductive cycle and maturation of this population. Field research was conducted from 2017 to 2019, and 764 lizards were collected. Euthanized lizards were dissected and the reproductive organs were examined to determine the reproductive period, clutch size, clutch frequency and size at sexual maturity. Females with oviductal eggs or vitellogenic ovarian follicles were observed from May to October. Clutch size ranged from 2 to 8, and clutch frequency was more than twice a year. In males, spermiogenesis started in early May and testicular regression was observed in September. Males with spermatozoa in the epididymides were found from May to November. Minimum snout-vent length at sexual maturity was 50.2 mm in females and 53.0 mm in males. Comparisons of the findings of this study and reports from Taiwan suggest that the nonnative population of D. swinhonis in Hyuga City has a higher fecundity than populations in Taiwan. It is therefore considered necessary to exterminate the population in Hyuga City before this species colonizes other areas. Toxic or noxious prey often signal their unpalatability through aposematic coloration, and the evolution of aposematism has become a model system in evolutionary behaviour. Aposematic colours are not only easily recognized by predators, but, for many predators, aposematism enhances learning and memory retention. In this study, we used a visually oriented, insectivorous agamid lizard, Diploderma swinhonis, to test whether aposematic coloration enhances lizards’ ability to detect and remember distasteful prey.We exposed lizards to quinine-flavoured crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus, that were dyed with colours generally regarded as aposematic (red) and nonaposematic (green). After a single exposure, lizards readily learned to reject both red and green crickets, but in subsequent trials they were more hesitant to attack red than green ones. However, the lizards remembered both types of prey for up to 60 days and showed a similarly high rate of generalizing that aversion from coloured to noncoloured crickets. Our results demonstrate that visually hunting lizards exhibit nuanced patterns of learning and memory in foraging tasks and make ideal subjects for experimental work on aposematism. We investigated the underlying mechanism of coexistence of two sympatric Japalura lizards (Japalura swinhonis and Japalura polygonata xanthostoma). We examined the differences in resource use along three resource dimensions: time, space, and diet. Specifically we tested two ecomorphological hypotheses. Correspondence exists between: perch habitat and limb morphology, and diet and head morphology. The species with shorter forelimbs would perch on narrower surface. The species with larger heads would consume larger or tougher prey. The results showed that the two species did not divide resources by temporal partitioning. Spatially, the two species used similar macrohabitats. However, female J. swinhonis, perching lower and on narrower surfaces, differed from other groups in perch habitats. However, male J. swinhonis and J. p. xanthostoma, despite size and shape differences, were similar in perch habitat. In addition, high diet overlap was detected both intra- and interspecifically despite the presence of significant differences in head sizes. In conclusion, male J. swinhonis and J. p. xanthostoma used largely overlapping resources and therefore, might be potential competitors if resources are limited. We suggest that there was a trade-off between fighting ability and maneuverability because of morphological differences that allowed the coexistence of the two species. Although male J. swinhonis, being larger, may have better fighting ability, J. p. xanthostoma could maneuver around tree trunks and branches to search for prey and avoid fighting more easily. Sexual dimorphism in size and shape is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Sexual dimorphism in morphology can be explained in proximate (growth pattern/sampling effects) and ultimate (evolutionary payoffs) contexts. There are 3 mutually non-exclusive hypotheses for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: fecundity advantage, intersexual resource partitioning, and sexual selection, each of which can make specific predictions regarding a lizard’s morphology. In this study, we describe sexual dimorphism in size and shape in an agamid lizard, Japalura swinhonis, with discussions from both proximate and ultimate perspectives. The results showed that all body parts of males were larger than those of females. After the effect of body size was accounted for, males had proportionately longer and wider heads, and shorter limbs and body length. Sexual shape dimorphism can be proximately explained by different growth patterns between the 2 sexes. We found a correlation between morphology and perch habitat, but not between morphology and diet since the 2 sexes exhibited extensive dietary overlap. Our results rejected the resource partitioning hypothesis and provided support for the fecundity advantage hypothesis as the underlying mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in J. swinhonis. Japalura swinhonis mitsukurir in southern Taiwan had a distinct breeding season from the emergence in March through August. Most females produced two clutches. The number of eggs per clutch for most clutches was 5 (with range from 3 to 8). The clutch size increased significantly during the breeding season. Both sexes enlarged their fat bodies during the regression of sexual activity and the pre-hibernation period. The patterns of fat bodies utilization, however, were different in the two sexes. Males used the fat reserves mainly for maintenance of body metabolism and reproductive condition during winter-dormancy, whereas the fat reserves of females were mainly expended in the development of the first clutch during the March and early April. Compared to J. swinhonis jormosensis, J. s. mitsukurii were larger at the same age, and had smaller fat bodies, smaller ratio of reproductive elements to the body weight, and a longer breeding season. Japalura swinhonis is an endemic agamid lizard in Taiwan, and although its diet has been examined in northern Taiwan and Orchid Island, it has not been investigated in other parts of its range. Investigating the diet of a species from different parts of its range is crucial due to temporal and spatial variations in it. This study examined the dietary items of 47 J. swinhonis from Santzepu and Yunlin, southwestern Taiwan. We also reviewed the diet of J. swinhonis and compared it with that of Anolis sagrei from Santzepu, where these species are sympatric in anthropogenically created habitats such as Areca catechu plantations and fruit orchards. The diet of J. swinhonis from Santzepu was dominated by hymenopterans, followed by coleopterans, lepidopterans and trichopterans, while that of the J. swinhonis from Yunlin was dominated by isopterans, followed by hymenopterans, lepidopterans and coleopterans. The diet of A. sagrei from Santzepu was mainly dominated by hymenopterans, lepidopterans, araneids, hemipterans, coleopterans, dipterans, isopterans and orthopterans, in that order of frequency. From the results of this study it is evident that in areas where J. swinhonis and A. sagrei are sympatric there is a substantial dietary niche overlap, and competition for prey is very likely.
LIU S, HOU M, ANANJEVA NB, RAO D 2023. Four new species of the genus Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 (Squamata, Agamidae) from China. ZooKeys 1148: 167-207
Chinese Japalure BOULENGER, G.A. (1918): Description of a new lizard of the genus Acanthosaura from Yunnan. – The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, Ser. 2: 162. KÜHNEL, K.-D., KABISCH, K. & H.-J. HERRMANN (1995): Freilandbeobachtung von drei Arten der Gattung Japalura (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Sichuan und Yunnan (China). - Sauria, Berlin, 17 (4): 31-37. (1228) LI, S., WANG, Y. & R. WANG (1981): A karyotypical study of Japalura varcoae. - Zool. Resarch, 3 (2): 223-228.
Sail Mountain Lizard / Sail Japalure
Xinlong Mountain Lizard CAI, B. & ZHANG, M. & LI, J. & DU, S. & XIE, F. & HOU, M. & ZHOU, H. & JIANG, J. (2022): Three New Species of Diploderma HALLOWELL, 1861 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the Shaluli Mountains in Western Sichuan, China. – Asian Herpetological Research, 13(4): 205–223. DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.220040 In recent years, taxonomic research of the genus Diploderma has made great progress, but there are still areas lacking relevant investigations. During 2020–2021, we carried out survey of reptile diversity in and around the Shaluli Mountains and collected some specimens of Diploderma. Of which, based on systematics inferred from mitochondrial ND2 gene sequence and morphological data, three new species were recognized: Diploderma daochengense sp. nov. from the Shuiluo River and Muli River valleys in southeastern Daocheng County, D. xinlongense sp. nov. from the upper-middle valleys of the Yalong River in Xinlong County, and D. kangdingense sp. nov. from the Yalong River middle valley and Liqiu River valley. Specifically, these three new species formed three monophyletic lineages with strongly supported and nested into the subclade I of the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood trees. The uncorrected mean genetic distance between these new species and their closely related species was 4.3% (D. xinlongense sp. nov. vs. D. panchi), 3.4% (D. daochengense sp. nov. vs. D. yulongense) and 5.5% (D. kangdingense sp. nov. vs. D. bowoense), higher than many pairs of species of Diploderma. With respect to the morphology, D. daochengense sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed from D. yulongense by having smooth upper edge of the dorsolateral stripes, cyan or dark olive green to yellow gular spots in both sexes and light yellow or white ventrolateral body in males; D. xinlongense sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed from D. panchi by having cyan gular spot in both sexes; D. kangdingense sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed from D. bowoense by having more T4S 20–25 (average 23), more F4S 16–20 (average 17) and yellow to light yellow ventrolateral body, yellow gular spot present in males. To date, the number of species of the genus Diploderma has increased to 40, of which 37 species have been known in China.
WANG, K., ZHANG, Y. & X. LI (2022): A new species of Diploderma (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the upper Salween River in Eastern Tibet, China. – Zootaxa, 5099 (2): 201-220. A new species of Diploderma is described from the upper Salween River Valley in eastern Tibet, China based on morphological and genetic data. The new species is morphologically most similar and phylogenetically closely related to D. laeviventre, but it can be easily diagnosed by having distinct conical scales on the post rictal region of the head, distinctively keeled ventral head and body scales, and different coloration of gular spots and dorsolateral stripes in both sexes. The taxonomic discovery further highlights the underestimated diversity of the genus and the importance of habitat conservation of the neglected hot-dry valley ecosystems in the Hengduan Mountain Region of China.
Japalure LIU, S. & HOU, M. & RAO, D. & ANANJEVA, N.B. (2022): Three new species of Diploderma HALLOWELL, 1861 (Squamata, Agamidae) from the Hengduan Mountain Region, south-western China. – ZooKeys 1131: 1–30. Three new species of Diploderma are described from the Hengduan Mountain Region in south-western China, based on morphological and genetic data. The first new species from Yulong County, Yunnan Province is morphologically most similar and phylogenetically closely related to D. brevicauda, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by having a relatively longer tail; the second new species from Xiangcheng County, Sichuan Province is phylogenetically closely related to D. bowoense, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by the absence of a distinct gular spot; and the third new species from Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province is phylogenetically closely related to D. yulongense, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by having different colourations of the ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of the body. Taxonomy and diversity survey are the basis of species conservation, our discoveries contributing to better conservation of the species of this genus.
MANTHEY, U., DENZER, W., HOU, M. & WANG, X. (2012): Discovered in historical collections: Two new Japalura species (Squamata: Sauria: Agamidae) from Yulong Snow Mountains, Lijiang Prefecture, Yunnan, PR China. – Zootaxa 3200: 27–48. Several specimens from historical collections made in Yunnan (PR China) were found to be inconsistent with hitherto known species of Japalura. Two species are described as new: Japalura brevicauda spec. nov. and Japalura yulongensis spec. nov. Diagnostic features for the new species are compiled and a key to closely related species is produced. The geo-graphical distribution of these species is outlined and discussed. WANG, K., REN, J., JIANG, K., YUAN, Z., CHE, J. & C.D: SILER (2017): Rediscovery of the enigmatic Mountain Dragon, Japalura yulongensis (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae), with notes on its natural history and conservation. – Zootaxa, 4318 (2): 351-363. Mountain Dragons of the genus Japalura Gray 1853 have gained increasing systematic attention recently as a result of the availability of new, vouchered collections and a resurgence of interest in Indochinese agamid diversity. This is particularly true for the J. flaviceps Barbour, Dunn 1919 complex from southwest China. However, many species of the complex are still known from few historical specimens only, and little is known about their general biology and conservation status. As one of such understudied members of the complex, Japalura yulongensis Manthey, Denzer, Hou, and Wang 2012 was described on the basis of seven historical specimens from the type locality in northwest Yunnan, PR China in 1914. Little was known at the time of the general biology and conservation status of the species, and the species has not been documented in the wild since the original description. Herein, we report the re-discovery of this secretive species based on a series of newly collected specimens from the vicinity of the type locality. We provide the first accounts of body coloration in life and microhabitat preferences, expand upon what is known of the species’ morphological variation and ecology, revise the morphological diagnosis of the species, and offer suggestions on its IUCN conservation status and protection status in China.
Yunnan Japalure
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