Calotes CUVIER, 1817

Schönechsen

BANERJEE, S. & K.C. BASU (1980): Occurrence of Calotes (Reptilia: Agamidae) in the prehistoric site of Harappa, Pakistan. – Bull. Zool. Surv. India, 3 (1-2): 19-21.

ERDELEN, W. (1978): Distribution patterns of the genus Calotes (Sauria: Agamidae) of Sri Lanka. – Loris, 14 (6): 350-353.

ERDELEN, W. (1984): The genus Calotes (Sauria: Agamidae) in Sri Lanka: distribution patterns. – Journal of Biogeography, 11: 515-525.

GANS, C. (1977): Locomotor responses of Calotes to water (Agamidae: Sauria). – Journal Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 74 (2): 361-363.

HALY, A. (1887): Notes on species of Calotes. – Taprobanian, 2: 133.

NEVIL, H. (1887): Notes on Calotes in Ceylon. – Taprobanian, 2: 134.

KANAKAMBIKA, P. & V. MUTHUKKARUPPAN (1973): Lymphoid differentiation and organization of the spleen in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Proceedings Indian Acad. Sci. (B), 78 (1): 37-44.

KASINATHAN, S. & S.L. BASU (1973): Steroids in interregnal and gonads of some amphibians and Calotes – a chromatographic study. – Proceedings Indian Acad. Sci. (B), 77 (5): 190-195.

KASINATHAN, S., BASU, S.L. & A.K. MONDAL (1973): Altered picture of progesterone and testosterone in the testes of three species of Indian frogs and a garden lizard Calotes. – Science Cult., 39 (6): 272-274.

MANTHEY, U. & W. GROSSMANN (1979): Genus Calotes - In: Amphibien und Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier – Verlag, Münster: 162-164.

NEVIL, H. (1887): Notes on Calotes in Ceylon. – Taprobanian, 2: 134.

OTA, H. & T. HIKIDA (1991): Taxonomic review of the lizards of the genus Calotes CUVIER 1817 (Agamidae, Squamata) from Sabah, Malaysia. – Tropical Zoology, 4: 179-192.

PRAKASH, I. (1960): Calotes lizard occupying bird´s nest. – J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 56: 639-640.

ŠANDERA, M. & Z. STAROSTOVA (2008): A record of Asian Agama of the genus Calotes in Kenya. – De Agamis, 1st International symposium on Agamid Lizards, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany, February 22-24.

ULBER, T. (1986): Ein Beitrag zur „Knickschwanz“-Problematik bei Calotes CUVIER, 1817. - Sauria, Berlin, 8 (3): 21-22. (1180)

VENNING, F.E.W. (1912): Rupture of the Egg shell in the genus Calotes. - J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc, 22 (1): 203-204.

WERNER, F. (1904): Beschreibung neuer Reptilien aus den Gattungen Acanthosaura, Calotes, Gastropholis und Typhlops. – Zool. Anz. 27: 461-464.

WEHNER, W. (1968): Farbveränderungen bei Calotes? - Aquarien Terrarien, Leipzig, 15 (8): 281. (1329)

WERMUTH, H. (1970): Schönechsen der Gattung Calotes. – Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift, 23 (9): 257.

Calotes bhutanensis BISWAS, 1975

BISWAS, S. (1975): Reptilia from Bhutan with description of a new species of Calotes Rafinesque. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 72: 774-777.

Calotes calotes LINNAEUS, 1758

Sägerückenagame / Common Green Forest Lizard

DINESH, E., AMARASINGHE, T. & M. MOHOMED BAHIR (2009): Notes on the ovipositional behaviour of Calotes calotes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Sri Lanka. – Herpetotropicos, 5 (1): 21-24.

ERDELEN, W. (1988): Population dynamics and dispersal in three species of agamid lizards in Sri Lanka: Calotes calotes, C. versicolor and C. nigrilabris. – Journal of Herpetology, 22: 42-52.

GABADAGE, D.E., AMARASINGHE, A.A.T. & M.M. BAHIR (2009): Notes on the ovipositional behaviour of Calotes calotes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Sri Lanka. – Herpetotropicos, 5 (1): 21-24.

HAAG, P. (2024): Oldie but Goldie – die Sägerückenagame (Calotes calotes) im Terrarium. – Reptilia, Münster, 29 (1): 50-59.

JAYASEKARA, D. & C. DHARMARATHNE (2018): Colour change as an anti-predatory mechanism in Green Forest Lizard (Calotes calotes) sighted at the Wasgamuwa National Park, Sri Lanka. – Herpetol. Notes, 11: 675-678.

JAYAWICKRAMA, A. (1995): Note on the Calotes calotes feeding. – Lyriocephalus, Colombo, 2 (1/2): 59.

KALAIARASAN, V. & P. KANNAN (1994): Range extension of southern green lizard (Calotes calotes Linn., 1758). – Cobra, Madras, 15: 14.

KARTHIKEYAN, S. (1993): On the breeding of the green calotes Calotes calotes (LINNAEUS). – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 90 (2): 295.

KRITPETCHARAT, O., KRITPETCHARAT, C., LUANGPIROM, A. & P. WATCHARANON (1999): Karyotype of four Agamidae species from the Phu Phan National Park in Thailand. - Science Asia, 25 (4): 185-188.Karyotypes of Calotes emma (Gray),1845, C. mystaceus (Dumeril & Bibron),1837, C. versicolor (Daudin),1802, and Draco belliana (Gray),1827 from the Phu Phan National Park (Thailand) were investigated. Three species of genus Calotes have the same karyotype consisting of 2n = 34, 6 pairs of macrochromosomes and 11 pairs of microchromosomes. Their macrochromosomes of pair number 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are metacentric, and 2 is submetacentric. Karyotype of D. belliana are different from others. There are 6 pairs of macrochromosomes, 11 pairs of intermediate size chromosomes and 2 pairs of microchromosomes. Its chromosomes of pair number 1, 3, 4, and 6 are metacentric, the pair number 2 and 5 are submetacentric. Its intermediate size chromosomes of pair number 7 - 15 seem to be metacentric and the last 2 pairs are microchromosomes.

LINNAEUS, C. (1758): Description of Calotes calotes. – In: “Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis”. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp.

MANTHEY, U. (2020): Calotes calotes (LINNAEUS, 1758) – Sägerückenagame, Green Forest Calotes. – Sauria, Berlin, 42 (2): 1-2.

PAWLOWSKI, S. & C. KRÄMER (2007): Habitatbeobachtungen der Grünen Gartenagame, Calotes calotes (LINNAEUS, 1758) auf Sri Lanka. – Sauria, Berlin, 29 (4): 43-48.
Zusammenfassung:
Während zweier 14-tägiger Exkursionen auf die Insel Sri Lanka konnte die Grüne Gartenagame Calotes calotes (LINNAEUS 1758) im Habitat beobachtet werden. Während am Standort Bentota verschiedene Alterstufen zu finden waren, konnte am Standort Sinharaja lediglich ein adultes Paar von Calotes calotes beobachtet werden. Die Tiere waren überwiegend in den Vormittagsstunden aktiv. Calotes calotes konnte sowohl in der niederen Buschvegetation als auch in den Kronen der Mangrovenbäume gefunden werden. Die Hauptnahrung bestand dabei aus Insekten.

PRASAD, J.N. & M.S. JAYANTH (1992): Southern green calotes Calotes calotes (Linn.) at Bandipur. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 88 (2): 291.

RATHINASABAPATHY, B. & B.K. GUPTA (1998): A note on reproduction in Calotes calotes at Anaikatty, Western Ghats. – Hamadryad, 22 (2): 128-129.

SILVA, P.H.D.H. de (1956): The heart and aortic arches in Calotes versicolor (Daudin) with notes upon the heart and aortic arches in Calotes calotes (Linne) and Calotes nigrilabris Peters. – Spolia zeylan., 28 (1): 55-67.

SILVA, P.H.D.H. de (1956): The arterial system of Calotes versicolor (Daudin) with notes upon the arterial system of Calotes calotes (Linne) and Calotes nigrilabris Peters. – Spolia zeylan., 28 (1): 69.86.

SOMAWEERA, R. (2005): First record of sparassid spider preying on an agamid lizard (Calotes calotes) in Sri Lanka. - Reptile RAP, 7: 12.

TAYLOR, E.H. (1951): Egg-laying behavior of an oriental Agamid lizard. – Herpetologica, 7: 59-60.

Calotes ceylonensis MÜLLER, 1887

Ceylon-Schönechse / Ceylon Bloodsucker

Karunarathna, D.M.S.S., AMARASINGHE, A.A.T. & E. STÖCKLI (2009): Taxonomic and biological study on Calotes ceylonensis Müller, 1887 (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Sri Lanka. – Bonner zoologische Beiträge, Bonn, 56 (4): 229-238.

Abstract:
Calotes ceylonensis Müller, 1887 is an endemic, rare and vulnerable, arboreal agamid lizard species of Sri Lankas, which is found only at the low country dry and intermerdiate zones below 500 m a.s.l. This work is mainly based on examination of type specimens as well as published literature and our observations of ecological and conditions and threats on Calotes ceylonensis. The analysis of habitat data has shown that this species is widely spread within the well shading riverine-forested areas and poorly in the home gardens. The results of this survey indicate that C. ceylonensis lays about 4-12 eggs from August to October. Hatchlings come out from November to December. These lizards’ natural predators are arboreal Colubrid snakes, Hornbills and Civet cats. The current habitat destruction poses a huge threat to this species.

KARUNARATHNA, S. & T. AMARASINGHE (2008): A study of behaviour, habitat and ecology on Calotes ceylonensis Müller, 1887 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Sri Lanka. – 1st International Symposium of agamid lizards. Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany, February 22-24, 2008. 1 S.

MÜLLER, F. (1887): Description of Calotes ceylonensis. – In: “Fünfter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums”. – Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel 8 (2): 249-296, Taf. I-III.

PRADEEP, G.W.A.A.D. & A.A.T. AMARASINGHE (2009): Ovipositional behavior of Calotes ceylonensis Müller, 1887 (Reptilia: Agamidae) observed in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. – Taprobanica, 1 (1): 24-27.

Calotes chincollium VINDUM, HTUN WIN, THIN THIN, KYI SOE LWIN, AWAN KHWI SHEIN & HLA TUN 2003

VINDUM, J.V., HTUN WIN, THIN THIN, KYI SOE LWIN, AWAN KHWI SHEIN & HLA TUN (2003): A new Calotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Indo-Burman range of western Myanmar (Burma). – Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 54 (1): 1-16.
Abstract:
A new species of Calotes is described from the Indo-Burman Range, western Myanmar. It was found between elevations of 737 m to 1940 m in areas of shifting cultivation and secondary forest. It differs from other species of Calotes from Myanmar by a combination of its large size, SVL up to 142.9 mm, relatively small body scales, 59-74 midbody scale rows, the tail in adult males being swollen posterior to base and the presence of head spines. The new species increases the diversity of Calotes species in Myanmar to six. A key to the Calotes of Myanmar is provided.

Calotes emma GRAY,1845

Emmas Schönechse / Hinterindische Schönechse / Emma Gray´s Forest Lizard

ALI REZA, A.H.M. & S.A. MUKUL (2009): Geographic distribution: Calotes emma (Spiny-headed Forest Lizard). – Herpetol. Rev., 40 (4): 451.

GRAY, J.E. (1845): Description of Calotes emma. – In: “Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum|”. London, 1845.

MAJUMDER, J. & B.K. AGARWALA (2015): Calotes emma Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Agamidae): range extension and new addition to the reptilian fauna of Tripura, northeast India. - Check List 11 (2): 1562.

Two new records of Calotes emma Gray, 1845, are reported from Srirampur and Homnpui in the state of Tripu­ra, northeast India. These records are the first from Tripura. Present locality records extended the known distribution of C. emma in Southeast Asia.

MATHEW, R. (2004): On an abnormal specimen of Calotes emma and notes on Japalura planidorsata. – Hamadryad, 28 (1+2): 127.

MEESOOK, W., ARTCHAWAKOM, T., AOWPHOL, A. & P. TUMKIRATIWONG (2016): Reproductive pattern and sex hormones of Calotes emma Gray 1845 and Calotes versicolor Daudin 1802 (Squamata; Agamidae). – Turk. J. Zool., 40: 691-703.

We monitored testicular and ovarian morphologies, seminiferous tubules, the sexual segments of the kidneys (SSK), follicular histologies, and male testosterone and female estradiol to define the reproductive pattern of Calotes emma and Calotes versicolor. Samples were collected monthly at Sakaerat Environmental Research Station in Thailand for 1 year. Testicular hypertrophies occurred at a time characteristic for each species, with their time course corresponding well to both active spermatogenesis and the hypertrophied SSK. Gravid females were also found at a time characteristic for each species. In active reproductive females, oviductal eggs were concomitantly encountered with ovarian vitellogenic follicles. The previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles corresponded well to granulosa layer alterations. The distinct large pyriform cells were present in the granulosa layer of previtellogenic follicles but disappeared from the vitellogenic follicles. Male testosterone levels rose during testicular and SSK hypertrophies, and female estradiol levels increased during active reproductive stages of late vitellogenic follicles and gestation. We suggest that the reproductive patterns of C. emma and C. versicolor fall into the same reproductive pattern of annual continual reproduction, but that the time courses of such events are different in the 2 Calotes, and even in individuals of the same Calotes population.

SCHAEDLA, W.H. (2004): Anomalous (?) nocturnal feeding by the agamid lizard Calotes emma in northeastern Thailand. – As. Herpetol. Res., 10: 295-297.

I observed feeding by the Agamid lizard Calotes emma during the early part of the Thai monsoon season. During this period, one individual took advantage of swarming termite reproductives and fed nocturnally. Nocturnal activity has not been reported for this genus. The lizard's behavior may have resulted from conditions created by artificial lighting. Alternately, it may constitute a normal response to a rich annually-available food resource.

Calotes emma emma GRAY, 1845

Emmas Schönechse / Hinterindische Schönechse / Emma Gray´s Forest Lizard


Calotes emma alticristatus SCHMIDT, 1925

Emmas Schönechse / Hinterindische Schönechse / Emma Gray´s Forest Lizard

Calotes grandisquamis GÜNTHER, 1875

Large Scaled Forest Lizard

CHANDRAMOULI, S.R. (2009): An aberrant specimen of Calotes grandisquamis Günther, 1875 (Reptilia: Agamidae) with comments on its altitudinal distribution. – Taprobanica, 1 (2): 111-114.

GANESH, S.R. & S.R. CHANDRAMOULI (2013): Identification of Two Similar Indian Agamid Lizards Calotes nemoricola Jerdon, 1853 and C. grandisquamis Günther, 1875. - Russ. J. Herpetol. 20 (1): 33-35.

The distinction between two similar Western Ghats-endemic agamid lizards—Calotes nemoricola and C. grandisquamis is discussed here in the context of published misidentifications that we identified based on portrayed characters appearing in their captioned photographs. Therefore, to further differentiate and accurately identify these two sister-species, we here provide complementary diagnostic characters viz. size of scales between orbit and tympanum with respect to tympanum size, gular scale size with respect to mental scale size, lower jaw scale size and carination with respect to tympanum size.

GOLDBERG, S.R., BURSEY, C.R. & L.L. GRISMER (2021): Helminthen bei Calotes goetzi (Squamata: Agamidae) aus Kambodscha. – SAURIA, 43 (2): 85-86.

VIJAYA, J. (1984): A Calotes grandisquamis nest. – Hamadryad 9 (2): 19.

The Burmese garden lizards represent a complex of several species. DNA sequence and morphological analyses reveal that two species occur sympatrically in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. These two new species are described herein. Additionally, the molecular data demonstrate that Calotes versicolor represents multiple species and at least two clades: one from India-Myanmar and another from Myanmar-Southeast Asia. The morphological investigation does not currently recognize unique trait(s) for each clade, but it does establish a set of morphometric, scalation, and quantitative coloration traits that permit statistical comparison of intra- and interpopulational variation in the versicolor species group.

Calotes jerdoni GÜNTHER, 1870

Jerdon´s Forest Lizard

GÜNTHER (1870): Descriptions of a new Indian lizard of the genus Calotes. - Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1870: 778-779.

WALL, F. (1908): Remarks on the Agamoid Lizard (Calotes jerdoni). - J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 18: 505-506.

Calotes liocephalus GÜNTHER,1872

Lionhead Agama

AMARASINGHE, A.A.T. & D.M.S.S. KARUNARATHNA (2008): Observations on the ovipositional behavior of the Crest-less Lizard Calotes liocephalus (Reptilia: Agamidae) in the Knuckles Forest Region of Sri Lanka. – Asiatic Herpetological Research, 11: 13-16.

AMARASINGHE, A.A.T., KARUNARATHNA, D.M.S.S. & D.E. GABADAGE (2009): Current status of Calotes liocephalus Günther, 1872 (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Sri Lanka. – Journal of Threatened Taxa, 1: 553-557.

GÜNTHER, A. (1872): Descriptions of some Ceylonese Reptiles And Batrachians. - Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 9: 85-88.

SILVA, A. De, BAUER, A.M., GOONEWARDENE, S., DRAKE, J., NATHANAEL, S., CHANDRARATNE, W.P.R. & S.A.U.S. SOMATHILAKA (2005): Status of the agamids in the Knuckles Massif with special reference to Calotes liocephalus Günther, 1872 and Cophoptis ceylanica Peters, 1861. – Lyriocephalus, 6: 43-71.

Calotes liolepis BOULENGER, 1885

Sri Lanka Agama

AMARASINGHE, A.A.T., KARUNARATHNA, D.M.S. & J. FUJINUMA (2014): A new Calotes species from Sri Lanka with a redescription of Calotes liolepis Boulenger, 1885. – Herpetologica, 70 (3): 323-338.

ASELA, M.D.C., KARUNARATHNA, D.M.S., PRIYANKARA, S.K.I.U., ABEYWARDENA, U.T.I. & D.G.R. SIRIMANNA (2007): Some notes on egg laying of Calotes liolepis Boulenger, 1885 (Reptilia: Agamidae) observed in two Wet Zone forest of Sri Lanka. – Zoos’ Print Journal, 12: 2941-2942.

ASELA, M.D.C., UKUWELA, K.D.B., BANDARA, I.N., KANDAMBI, H.K.D., SURASINGHE, T.D. & D.M.S.S. KARUNARATHNA (2012): Natural history and current distribution patterns of Calotes liolepis Boulenger, 1885 (Reptilia: Agamidae: Draconinae) in Sri Lanka. – Herpetotropicos, 8: 39-47.

KARUNARATHNA, D.M.S.S., BANDARA, I.N. & A.W.A. CHANAKA (2009): The ovipositional behaviour and captive eggs hatching notes of the endemic whistling lizard (Calotes leiolepis) Boulenger, 1885 (Reptilia: Agamidae) in the Knuckles forest region of Sri Lanka. – Acta Herpetologica, 4 (1): 47-56.

SURANJAN KARUNARATHNA, D.M.S., NUWAN BANDARA, I. & A.W. AMILA CHANAKA (2009): The ovipositional behaviour of the endemic whistling lizard Calotes liolepis Boulenger, 1885 (Reptilia: Agamidae) in the Knuckles forest region of Sri Lanka. – Acta Herpetologica, 4 (1): 47-56.
Abstract:
A mature female Calotes liolepis was observed laying eggs on the ground in Manigala in the Knuckles Forest Region of Sri Lanka. This is the first completely described observation of the ovipositioning as well as the captive egg hatching of Calotes liolepis. The ovipositional behaviour consisted of the digging of the nest cavity, oviposition, scraping of the soil to bury the eggs, filling of the spaces between the eggs, compression of the soil, and camouflage of the nest. The sizes of three eggs were increased during incubation: day 1 mean = 17.5 mm x 9.2 mm (length x width), and after 70-71 days mean = 21.7 mm x 14.4 mm. Three hatchlings were emerged (mean snout-to-vent length = 29.9 mm; tail length = 58.2 mm; head length = 10.2 mm. Immediate conservation measures are needed for this endemic and threatened lizard, and the observations related to its egg-laying could be useful in planning and omplementing suitable conservation methods.

Calotes maria GRAY, 1845

Khasi Hills Forest Lizard

Calotes medogensis ZHAO & LI, 1984

Medog Bloodsucker

ZHAO, E. & LI , S. (1984): A new species of Calotes (Lacertilia: Agamidae) from Xizang (Tibet). - Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3 (4): 77-78. In Chinesisch

Calotes mystaceus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON,1837

Blaue Schönechse / Indo-Chinese Forest Lizard

AMBER, E.D., WAENGSOTHORN, S. & C.T. STRINE (2017): Calotes mystaceus (Moustached Crested Lizard). Defensive behaviors. - Herpetological Review 48: 640.

DUMÉRIL, A.M.C. & G. BIBRON (1837): Description of Calotes rouxii; C. mystaceus. – In: “Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles”. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570.

GROSSMANN, W. (2008): Das Portrait – Calotes mystaceus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837. – Sauria, Berlin, 30 (1): 2.

HAWKESWOOD, T.J. & A. SOMMUNG (2018): First record of the Blue Forest Lizard, Calotes mystaceus Duméril & Bibron, 1837 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand, with a review of literature on the biology and distribution of the species in Thailand. - Calodema 607: 1–8.

In this paper, we record the Blue Forest Lizard, Calotes mystaceus Duméril & Bibron, 1837 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand, for the first time. Its habitat at Ubon is described. Papers concerning its taxonomy, biology and distribution in Thailand are reviewed.

KRITPETCHARAT, O., KRITPETCHARAT, C., LUANGPIROM, A. & P. WATCHARANON (1999): Karyotype of four Agamidae species from the Phu Phan National Park in Thailand. - Science Asia, 25 (4): 185-188.

The blue-crested lizard, Calotes mystaceus Duméril & Bibron, 1837, is listed as a protected wild animal in Thailand. Its population is likely to be dramatically reduced due to massive hunting in several areas in this country. Basic information on its population genetics is therefore needed to facilitate its conservation. Thus, in this study we investigated the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequence variation of 238 individual C. mystaceus from 42 different geographical localities of the north, west, central, east and northeast regions of Thailand. High genetic diversity and genetic differentiation at the intrapopulation and interpopulation levels was observed. We detected 63 unique haplotypes and 12 common/shared haplotypes. The phylogenetic analysis reveals two major lineages, I and II. These two lineages are separated by mountain ranges, which play an important role as natural barriers blocking gene flow. Our finding reveal at least two cryptic lineages represented in C. mystaceus populations in Thailand. However, a comprehensive investigation of the morphology, biology, ecology and genetic diversity of C. mystaceus in other regions within its area of distribution is needed.

SMITH, M.A. (1915): On the breeding habits and colour changes in the lizard, Calotes mystaceus. – Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 1 (4): 256-257.

WAGNER, P., IHLOW, F., HARTMANN, T., FLECKS, M., SCHMITZ, A. & W. BÖHME (2021): Integrative approach to resolve the Calotes mystaceus Duméril & Bibron, 1837 species complex (Squamata: Agamidae). – Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 141–171

Calotes nemoricola JERDON, 1853

Nilgiri Forest Lizard

BALAKRISHNA, S., ACHARY, N. & A. KUMAR (2012): Observations on the ovipositional behaviour of the Nilgiri forest lizard Calotes nemoricola (JERDON, 1853) (Squamata: Agamidae) in Hulikal, Katrnataka, India. – Herpetology Notes, 5:441-443.

GANESH, S.R. & S.R. CHANDRAMOULI (2013): Identification of Two Similar Indian Agamid Lizards Calotes nemoricola Jerdon, 1853 and C. grandisquamis Günther, 1875. - Russ. J. Herpetol. 20 (1): 33-35.

The distinction between two similar Western Ghats-endemic agamid lizards—Calotes nemoricola and C. grandisquamis is discussed here in the context of published misidentifications that we identified based on portrayed characters appearing in their captioned photographs. Therefore, to further differentiate and accurately identify these two sister-species, we here provide complementary diagnostic characters viz. size of scales between orbit and tympanum with respect to tympanum size, gular scale size with respect to mental scale size, lower jaw scale size and carination with respect to tympanum size.

JERDON, T.C. (1854): Description of Calotes nemoricola. – In: “Catalogue of the Reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula of India”. Part 1. - J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal xxii [1853]: 462-479.

KARTHIKEYAN, S., ATHREYA, R.M. & J.N. PRASAD (1993): A range extension of Calotes nemoricola from the Anaimalais, Western Ghats. – Hamadryad, 18: 45-46.

SREENIVASULA, Y., SUBRAMANYAM, G. & G. RAJARAMI REDDY (1996): Cardiotoxicity of the grasshopper, Poecilocerus pictus defensive secretion in the garden lizard, Calotes nemoricola. – Entomon, 21 (1): 19-21.

SUBBA RAO, MV.S. (1967): Studies on the biology of two selected lizards of Tirupati. – Thesis. Sri Venkateswara University.

SUBBA RAO, M.V. & B.S. RAJABAI (1972): Ecological aspects of the agamid lizards Sitana ponticeriana and Calotes nemoricola in India. – Herpetologica, 28 (3): 285-289.

SUBBA RAO, M.V. & B.S. RAJABAI (1974): Influence of thermal acclimation on oxygen consumption in the agamid garden lizard, Calotes nemoricola Jerdon, with reference to size, sex, temperature, season and climatic conditions. – Proceedings Indian Acad. Sci. (B), 79 (1): 1-15.

SUBBA RAO, M.V. & B.S. RAJABAI (1974): Time course of laboratory acclimation in the ground lizard, Sitana ponticeriana and the garden lizard, Calotes nemoricola. – Proceedings Indian Acad. Sci. (B), 79 (2): 96-102.
Blackthroated Bloodsucker

Calotes nigrilabris PETERS, 1860

Schwarzlippen-Schönechse

AMARASINGHE, A.A.T., TIEDEMANN, F. & D.M.S.S. KARUNARATHNA (2012): Calotes nigrilabris Peters, 1860 (Rerptilia: Agamidae: Draconinae): a threatened highland agamid lizard in Sri Lanka. – Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, 5: 90-100.

ANNANDALE, N. (1912): Eggs and Young of the Lizard Calotes nigrilabris. - Spolia Zeylanica, 8: 135-136.

ERDELEN, W. (1988): Population dynamics and dispersal in three species of agamid lizards in Sri Lanka: Calotes calotes, C. versicolor and C. nigrilabris. – Journal of Herpetology, 22: 42-52.

KARUNARATHNA, D.M.S.S., PRADEEP, G.W.A.A.D., PEABOTUWAGE, P.I.K. & M.C. DE SILVA (2011): First report on the ovipositional behaviour of Calotes nigrilabris (Peters, 1860) (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae) from the Central Massif of Sri Lanka. – Russian Journal of Herpetology, 18 (2): 111-118.

PETERS, W.C.H. (1860): Über einige interessante Amphibien, welche von dem durch seine zoologischen Schriften rühmlichst bekannten österreichischen Naturforscher Professor Schmarda während seiner auf mehrere Welttheile ausgedehnten, besonders auf wirbellose Thiere gerichtet. - Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860 (April): 182-186.

SILVA, P.H.D.H. de (1956): The heart and aortic arches in Calotes versicolor (Daudin) with notes upon the heart and aortic arches in Calotes calotes (Linne) and Calotes nigrilabris Peters. – Spolia zeylan., 28 (1): 55-67.

SILVA, P.H.D.H. de (1956): The arterial system of Calotes versicolor (Daudin) with notes upon the arterial system of Calotes calotes (Linne) and Calotes nigrilabris Peters. – Spolia zeylan., 28 (1): 69.86.

SOMAWEERA, R., WIJAYATHILAKA, N. & G. BOWATTE (2012): Does the invasive shrub Ulex europaeus benefit an endemic Sri Lankan lizard? – Herpetol. Cons. Biol., 7 (2): 219-226.

The spread of invasive plants poses a serious threat to the composition, structure, and function of biotic communities world-wide. Some native animals, however, adapt to use invasive plants as living spaces. We studied such a relationship between the invasive bush European Gorse (Ulex europaeus) and the endemic Black-cheeked Lizard (Calotes nigrilabris) in the highlands of Sri Lanka. We found that C. nigrilabris use habitats non-randomly and prefer Ulex bushes over native and other introduced vegetation in disturbed habitats. The selection of these bushes as living spaces by lizards may be driven by both reduced predator risk and increased foraging benefits. Thus, restoring the ecological functions of Ulex should be considered in planning future eradication programs.

Calotes nigriplicatus HALLERMANN, 2000

HALLERMANN, J. (2000): A new species of Calotes from the Moluccas (Indonesia), with notes on the biogeography of the genus (Sauria: Agamidae). – Bonn. Zool. Beitr., Bonn, 49 (1-4): 155-164. (00.221)

Zusammenfassung:
Eine neue Art der Gattung Calotes s.str. von den Molukken wird beschrieben. Die neue Art ist Calotes mystaceus am ähnlichsten, unterscheidet sich von ihr aber durch den Besitz einer schwarz gefärbten Antehumeralfalte, durch das Fehlen eines weißen Bandes, das sich über die oberen Lippen bis zu den Schultern erstreckt und durch die unterschiedliche Form der Nacken- und Rücken-Kammschuppen. Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel zu allen Arten der Gattung, nebst Angaben zur Verbreitung wird vorgestellt. Die biogeographische Sonderstellung der neuen Art wird diskutiert.

Calotes pethiyagodai AMARASINGHE, KARUNARATHNA, HALLERMANN, FUJINUMA, GRILLITSCH & CAMPBELL, 2014

Pethiyagoda’s Crestless Lizard

AMARASINGHE, A.A.T., KARUNARATHNA, D.M.S.S., HALLERMANN, J., FUJINUMA, J., GRILLITSCH, H. & P.D. CAMPBELL (2014): A new species of the genus Calotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from high elevatuions of the Knuckles Massif of Sri Lanka. – Zootaxa, 3785 (1): 59-78.

Calotes versicolor DAUDIN, 1802

Verschiedenfarbige Schönechse / Eastern Garden Lizard / Oriental Garden Lizard

AGRAWAL, V. (1966): On Thelandros (Parapharyngodon) maplestoni (Chatterji, 1933) from the intestine of Calotes versicolor and Hemidactylus frenatus from Lucknow. – Indian J. Helminth., 18: 77-81.

AHMED, S. (1984): Myriapods as the food of Common Garden Lizard, Calotes versicolor (DAUDIN). – Bull. Zool. Surv. India 6 (1/3): 317.

AKBARSHA, M.A. (1983): Seasonal and sexual differences in the effects of Parathyroidectomy in the Indian Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor with a note on follicle formation in reptilian Parathyroids. – Amphibia-Reptilia, 4: 185-194.

AKBARSHA, M.A. & M.M. MEERAN (1995): Occurrence of ampulla in the ductus deferens on the Indian garden lizard Calotes versicolor Daudin. – Journal of Morphology, 225 (3): 261-268.

AMARASINGHE, A.A.T. & D.M.S.S. KARUNARATHNA (2007): Beobachtungen zum Eiablageverhalten der Indischen Schönechse Calotes versicolor (DAUDIN, 1802) (Reptilia: Agamidae) in einem anthropogenen Biotop in Sri Lanka. – Sauria, Berlin, 29 (3): 27-30.

Abstract:
A female Calotes versicolor was observed excavating a nest in the soil in an anthropogenic habitat at the premises of The Open University in Sri Lanka. Details of the timeline are described and compared with the ovipostion behaviour of C. liocephalus.

AMER, S.A. & Y. KUMAZAWA (2007): The mitochondrial of the lizard Calotes versicolor and a novel gene inversion in South Asian draconine agamids. – Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24 (6): 1330-1339.

AMMANNA, V.H.F. (2015): Calotes versicolor (garden lizard) aggression. – Herpetol. Rev., 46 (4): 545-546.

AMMANNA, V.H. (2016): Some studies on the behavioral biology of the hatchlings and juveniles of the lizard calotes versicolor. Thesis. Karnatak University, Dharwad.

AMMANNA, V.H.F., SAIDAPUR, S.K. & B.A. AND SHANBHAG (2012): Absence of kin discrimination in the hatchlings of a lizard, Calotes versicolor (Agamidae). - Animal Biology 2012: 1-12.

Laboratory bom Calotes versicolor hatchlings were reared for 15 days in pure or mixed sibships or singly in isolation and then tested for their kin discrimination ability. As C. versicolor orients itself visually, visual displays like push-ups, gular extensions, and distance between the test individuals were used as indicators of arousal/aggression towards the opponents (familiar vs. familiar/unfamiliar sib or non-sib). The hatchlings exhibited aggressiveness towards unfamiliar sibs as well as non-sibs in the form of push-ups and gular extensions; they also remained at a longer distance from each other. In contrast, they did not exhibit such behaviors against familiar individuals regardless of their relatedness, and stayed closer to each other. In tests involving once familiar individuals, sib, or non-sib reared together for 15 d from hatching and then separated for 7 or 30 d, the lizards showed aggressiveness towards each other following 30 d separation. A greater number of push-ups and gular extensions were exhibited by the test individuals after 30 d separation compared to those separated for 7 d. Thus, in this non-social lizard, there is no kin discrimination. An early dispersal of hatchlings in this species may have led to a loss of kin discrimination. However, familiar individuals are recognized as long as they continue to remain familiar thereby suggesting a ‘dear enemy phenomenon’.

AMMANNA, V.H.F., SAIDAPUR, S.K. & B.A. AND SHANBHAG (2018): Perch associated expression of phenotypic plasticity in limb development and sprint speed in agamid lizard Calotes versicolor: A laboratory study. – As. Herpetol. Res., 9 (3): 175-181.

New born hatchlings of Calotes versicolor were reared in terrarium having narrow or wide perches for a period of 4-month and their snout vent length (SVL), tail, fore and hindlimb lengths were measured at monthly intervals. Limb postures (closer to the body or spread away from the body) were also recorded. The sprint speed was recorded in two and four-month old lizards on a 1 m long race track providing 45° or 60° slope. In both the groups, SVL and tail lengths were comparable but the limb lengths and their growth rates were significantly greater in lizards of wider perch group. The lizards reared with narrow perches positioned their limbs closer to the body; while those reared on wider perches spread their limbs away from their body. Further, the latter exhibited significantly higher sprint speed regardless of the slope of the race track over those of narrow perch group. Sprint speeds of lizards in both groups were correlated with the limb sizes. The study showed that the lizards reared on narrow or wide perches exhibited divergent adaptive responses (phenotypic plasticity) by developing longer or shorter limbs and corresponding changes in their sprint speeds. These findings support the idea that availability of perch structure during early development evokes adaptive plasticity in the limb development and associated locomotory performance in arboreal lizards like C. versicolor.

AMMANNA, V.H.F., SAIDAPUR, S.K. & B.A. AND SHANBHAG (2014): Prey detection in juveniles of an agamid lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) (Reptilia: Squamata). - Ital. J. Zool., 81 (1): 155-159.

The relative importance of visual and chemical cues of prey in their detection by the juveniles of Calotes versicolor was studied using laboratory-born, 2-month-old individuals starved for 48 hrs. Grasshoppers served as the prey in all experiments. In trials with deionized water and cologne water (pungency control), the lizards showed no tongue flicking. Presentation of preybody chemical cues on cotton swabs also did not evoke tongue flicking in test lizards indicating a lack of response to different odors through the vomeronasal olfactory system. The same test lizards lunged at the transparent glass beaker housing an active prey, with their mouth open as if to catch it. They showed no tongue flicking. In contrast, when an immobile prey was presented similarly the test lizards ignored it. Apparently, chemical cues are of little value in prey detection in C. versicolor. The study shows that C. versicolor juveniles use visual cues and prey movements in detection and capture of prey.

ANANTHALAKSHMI, M.N. & H.B. DEVARAJ SARKAR (1994): Effect of PMHI on the reproductive system of the male agamid lizard Calotes versicolor. – Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 32 (4): 229-237.

ANANTARAMAN, M. & S.K. KRISHNASWAMI (1958): Parasites of reptiles II Raillietiella sp. (Pentastomida) from Calotes versicolor in India. – Proc. Indian Sci. Congr., 45 (4): 41.

ANDERSON, S.C. (1999): Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802). - In: Lizards of Iran. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Oxford, Ohio: 68-69.

ANONYMOUS (2010): Mal grün – mal braun, je nach Jahreszeit. – elaphe, Rheinbach, 18 (3): 11.

APPASWAMY RAO, M. (1956): Age changes of the thymus of Calotes versicolor (Daud.) as correlated with testicular changes. – Proc. Indian sci. Congr. Ass. 43rd 4: 36.

ASANA, J.J. (1931): The natural  history of Calotes versicolor (Boulenger), the common blood-sucker. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 34 (4): 1041-1047.

AUFFENBERG, W. & H. REHMANN (1993): Studies on Pakistan reptiles, pt. 3. Calotes versicolor. – Asiatic Herpetological Research, 5: 14-30.

BABY, T.G. (1979): Some aspects of nitrogen metabolism in the lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin). Thesis. University of Poona, India.

BABY, T.G. & S.R.R. REDDY (1977): Nitrogenous constituents in the urinary deposits of the lizard Calotes versicolor. – British J. Herpet., 5 (9): 649-653.

BABY, T.G., SURESH, C.G. & S.R.R. REDDY (1976): A comparative study of arginase activity in lizards. - Physiol. Zool., 49 (3): 286-291.

Arginase activity has been demonstrated in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues of nine species of lizards. In addition arginase has also been shov,n in the testis, duodenum, ileum, and ovary of Caloles versicolor. In the light of these findings, dementi's long-standing rule that arginase is absent from the liver of the uricotelic vertebrates stands invalid.

BAGGER-SJÖBACK, D. & Å. FLOCK (1977): Freeze-fracturing of the auditory basilar papilla in the lizard Calotes versicolor. – Cell Tissue Res., 177: 431-443.

BAGGER-SJÖBACK, D. & J. WERSÄLL (1976): Toxic effects of gentamicin on the basilar papilla in the lizard Calotes versicolor: A surface study. – Acta Oto-Laryngol., 81 (1-2): 57-65.

Gentamicin in a dose of 100 mg and in some cases 150 mg per kg bodyweight and day was given intraperitoneally to healthy lizards, belonging to the species Calotes Versicolor. The animals were injected for 7, 14 and 21 days. After completed injections the animals were sacrificed and their hearing organ, the basilar papilla. was processed for scanning electron microscopy. Animals treated for 7 days did not show any significant surface damage in the basilar papilla. When gentamicin was administered for 14 days the normal appearance of the surface structure was lost. The ventral (apical) type A cells were relatively intact while the type B cell-population in the dorsal (basal) part of the organ showed sensory hair fusions and cytoplasmic herniations. Lizards treated for 21 days showed a severely damaged basilar papilla. The ventral (apical) type A cells still only were moderately damaged with some hair fusions and cytoplasmic herniations while the dorsal (basal) type B cells were more or less destroyed. Only occasional cells were left and some of these were severely damaged. The surface of the dorsal (basal) part of the organ instead was covered by supporting cells thus forming a sort of scar tissue.

GOUDER, B.Y.M., NADKARNI, V.B. & M. APPASWAMY RAO (1979): Histological and histochemical studies on follicular atresia in the ovary of the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – J. Herpetol., 13 (4): 451-456.

Histological study of atretic follicles in the ovary of Calotes versicolor shows the presence of yolky, glandular, bursting, haemorrhagic and cystic types of atresia. The granulosa cells of the atretic follicles exhibit A5-3p,-HSDH, 17,/-HSDH, 11/3-HDSH, G-6-PDH, NADH dia phorase, LDHa nd ICDHa ctivityf or a shortd uration, indicatingth eirt ransients teroidogenicc apacity and then degenerate. Theca interna cells show an increased activity for these enzymes in the atretic follicles and later persist as interstitial gland cells in the ovarian stroma.

BANERJEE, S.K. (1969): Studies on the median eminence of the Gardcen lizard Calotes versicolor in relation to neurosecretion. – Indian J. Physiol. All. Sci., 23: 146-151.

BANERJEE, S.K. (1969): Studies on the median eminence of the Gardcen lizard Calotes versicolor in relation to neurosecretion. – Indian J. Physiol. All. Sci., 23: 146-151.

BANERJEE, S.K. (1970): Cytochemical studies on the neurosecretory cells and neurohypophysis of the Common garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Cytologia, 35: 449-454.

BANERJEE, S.K. (1973): Effect of light and darkness on the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Experientia, 29 (6): 713-714.

BANERJEE, S.K. (1975): Arginine content of the hypothalamic neurosecretory system of the garden lizard. – Science Cult., 41 (6): 270-272.

BANERJEE, S.K. & A. GHOSH (1974): Histological changes in the thyroids of reserpine-treated garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Science Cult., 40 (9): 400-401.

BANERJEE, S.K. & A. GHOSH (1975): Histomorphic and histochemical observations on the adrenals of the reserpine-treated lizards, Calotes versicolor. – Cytologia, 40 (3-4): 677-684.

BANERJEE, S.K., GHOSG, A. & L.K. MAITY (1973): On anemia and total liver fat in the x-irradiated garden lizards. – Current Sci., 42 (9): 321-322.

BANERJEE, S.K. & U. PAHARI (1970): Observations on the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system in the starved Garden lizard Calotes versicolor. – Sci. & Cult., 36: 606-608..

BANERJEE, S.K. & U. PAHARI (1971): Further histochemical studies on the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells of the garden lizard Calotes versicolor. – Sci. Cult., 37: 39-40.

BASU, B. (1938): A comment on the name "Bloodsucker" applied to Calotes versicolor Daud. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 40 (3): 577-578.

BERGMANS, W. (1967): Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1801). – Lacerta, 26 (2): 11-13.

BHAGYAREKHA, N., PANDAV, B., SHANBHAG, A., & S. K. SAIDAPUR (2010): Growth patterns and reproductive strategies in the lizard, Calotes versicolor raised in captivity. - Acta Herpetologica, 5 (2): 131-142.

The paper describes the growth patterns and breeding strategies in the lizard, Calotes versicolor in captivity. The lizards were raised in laboratory from hatching. It was observed that these lizards attain sexual maturity at 7.42 ± 0.5 months of age. Growth rate in males is always higher than in females and sexual size dimorphism in C. versicolor is due to the difference in growth rate between the sexes. The study revealed that some females reproduce in the first year at smaller body size (snout-vent length-SVL ~ 8 cm) with small clutch size while some skip reproduction in the first year, grow larger (SVL ~11.5 cm) and reproduce in second year with larger clutch size, yet others reproduce in first year, skip reproduction in second year and reproduce in the third year and some skip reproduction in the first 2 years of life and reproduce in third year attaining larger body size (SVL >13.6 cm) with greater clutch size. Thus, females exhibit different strategies of trade-off between growth and reproduction. In addition, the study showed that C. versicolor may lay as many as 3 clutches of eggs in a breeding season. Thus, the study provides information on growth, age at sexual maturity, relationship between growth and reproduction and reproductive strategies exhibited by the lizard in captivity.

BHAKTARAJ, B., PATIL, S. & S.B. PATIL (2000): GnRH and/or testosterone induced changes in reproductive activities during nonbreeding season in Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 38: 873-876.

BHASKAR RAO, T. (1975): The morphology of Hemamitus kakatiae n. sp. from garden lizard Calotes versicolor. – Current Sci., 44 (5): 173.

BHATTI, U.S., BHATTI, S.K. & S.S. BHATTI (1987): Vegetation in the food contents of garden lizard Girgit Calotes versicolor DAUDIN. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 84 (3): 692-693.

BIDDULPH, C.H. (1937): A Bloodsucker (Calotes versicolor) attacking an adult bird. - J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39 (3): 640-641.

BLANFORD, W.T. (1878): Notes on some Reptilia from the Himalayas and Burma. - J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (2) xlvii: 125-131.

BOSE, A. (1964): Ontogenetic correlation between the parietal and lateral eyes in Calotes versicolor. – Folia biol., Kraków, 12: 211-215.

BRUG, H.J. van der (1967): Enige ervaringen met Calotes versicolor. – Lacerta, 25 (12): 95-96.

BURSEY, C.R., HOONG, D.C. & S.R. GOLDBERG (2012): A new species of Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) in Calotes versicolor (Squamata: Agamidae). – Journal of Parasitology, 98 (1): 149-151.

Rhabdias singaporensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabdiasidae) from the lungs of Calotes versicolor (Squamata: Agamidae) from Singapore is described and illustrated. Rhabdias singaporensis n. sp. represents the 77th species assigned to the genus, the eighth of the Asian region, and the second from Singapore. The distinguishing characteristic of the new species is the location of the excretory pore. In all species of Rhabdias for which excretory pore location data are available, the excretory pore is situated just posterior to the level of the nerve ring; in R. singaporensis, it lies near the esophageointestinal junction

CHACKO, P.T. (1955): Some abnormal features in the venous system of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Curr. Sci., 24 (4): 130.

CHAITANYA, R., GIRI, V.B. & V. DEEPAK (2017): On the recent designation of a neotype for the taxon Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) (Reptilia: Agamidae). – Zootaxa, 4317 (3): 585–587.

CHANDAVAR, V.R. & P.R. NAIK (2012): The Endocrine Pancreas of the Lizard Calotes versicolor: An Immunocytochemical and Physiological Study with Respect to its Reproductive Cycle. – J. Cytol. Histol. 3 (3) 6 pp.

The present investigation was undertaken to record the distribution and number of insulin immunoreactive (IR) and glucagon-IR cells in the pancreas and to find out their effect on plasma glucose level in Calotes versicolor during different stages of reproductive cycle. It is distinguished as preparatory, reproductive and recrudescent period. Plasma glucose was estimated by enzyme glucose oxidase method. There was variation in pancreatic endocrine cells and plasma glucose with respect to annual seasonal cycle of reproduction. Insulin-IR and glucagon-IR cells never appeared in the form of islets. Cell count for both IR cells of reproductive period was higher and differed significantly from preparatory and recrudescent periods. Plasma glucose recorded the highest value in preparatory period and differed significantly from other two periods. Insulin-IR cells always out numbered glucagon-IR cells. Morphological differences between two cell types were observed under electron microsopy and also pancreas exhibited the presence of nerves. Glycogen localization in liver was carried out by PAS method. Glucose is always utilized to accomplish energy demand rather than converting it as liver glycogen. Results are discussed with those of agamid and other lizards.

CHANDOLA, A., KUMAR, S. & J.P. THAPLIYAL (1974): Metabolic response to male hormone and thyroid activity in the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Journal Endocr., 61 (2): 285-291.

CHANDOLA, A., THAPLIYAL, J.P. & S.C. GUPTA (1973): Male hormone and thyroid function in the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Journal Endocr., 57 (2): 325-326.

CHAUBEY, B.J. (1972): Seasonal changes in the adrenal gland of the male Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Indian J. Zool., 13 (1): 35-43.

CHIN, W.Y. (2018): Observation of a changeable lizard laying eggs. – Singapore Biodiv. Rec., 2018: 70-71.

CHONBEY, B.J. (1975): Seasonal changes in the blood of Indian garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Zoologischer Anz., 194 (1-2): 35-41.

CHONBEY, B.J. (1975): Seasonal changes in the blood of Indian garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Proceedings Indian Sci. Congr., 62 (4), (A): 63.

CHOU, L.M. (1994): Geographic distribution: Calotes versicolor (Indian Tree Lizard). – Herpetol. Rev.,25 (2): 75-76.

CHOUBEY, B.J. & J.P. THAPLIYAL (1966): Agonadal garden lizard: Calotes versicolor. – Naturwissenschaften, 53: 618.

CHRISTY, M.T. & W. KIRKPATRICK (2021): Indicative 10 Project National Resource Material – Oriental Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor). - Departement of Primary Industries and Regional Development – Government of Western Australia.

DAMADI, E., RASTEGAR-POUYANI, N., KARAMIANI, R. & M. AKBARPOUR (2018): Additional records and Further Data on Indian garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) (Sauria: Agamidae) from Iran. - Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics (IJAB) 14(1): 29-35.

In this study a total of four Calotes versicolor specimens (three males, one female), collected in different localities from April 2013 to March 2014 in Southeast of Iran were examined. The study was based on morphological features including color pattern, morphometric measurements, habits, biological observations especially habitat and distribution. Habits features, habitat and new distribution localities were documented. This is the first record of Calotes versicolor from the Kalesari village is 44 km away from the last record in Nahang River.

DAS, I., CHARLES, J.K. & D.S EDWARDS (2008): Calotes versicolor (Squamata: Agamidae) - A New Invasive Squamate for Borneo. – Curr. Herp., 27 (2): 109-112.

Calotes versicolor, hitherto known from the Asian mainland, from eastern Iran, across the Indian Subcontinent, to Indo-China and Indo-Malaya, with several naturalized populations in both the New and Old Worlds, is here reported for the first time from Borneo (from Brunei Darussalam, in the northwestern part of the island). The ecological consequences of invasion of this agamid lizard, reported from studies elsewhere, include competition with other saurian species, and predation on local invertebrates and small vertebrates, with undesirable effects in terms of conservation of the local biota.

DAS, K. & B.K. PATNAIK (1977): Effect of short therm hypothermia on the respiratory metabolism pf brain tissue homogenates of male garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Comparative Physiol. Ecol., 2 (3): 130-132.

DAS, M. & B.K. PATNAIK (1977): Effect of starvation on the protein content of the male garden lizard. – Science Cult., 43 (7): 310-311.

DAS, M. & B.K. PATNAIK (1996): Effect of age and partial water deprivation on lipid peroxidation in the brain of male garden lizard. – Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 114B (4): 361-365.

DAUDIN, F.M. (1802): Description of Calotes versicolor. – In: “Histoire Naturelle…des Reptiles” – III. Dufart, Paris.

DE SILVA, P.H.D.H. (1956): The heart and aortic arches in Calotes versicolor (Daudin) with notes upon the heart and aortic arches in Calotes calotes (Linne) and Calotes nigrilabris Peters. – Spolia zeylan., 28 (1): 55-67.

DE SILVA, P.H.D.H. (1956): The arterial system of Calotes versicolor (Daudin) with notes upon the arterial system of Calotes calotes (Linne) and Calotes nigrilabris Peters. – Spolia zeylan., 28 (1): 69-86.

DEB, C. & C. SARKAR (1963): Histochemistry of ´renal sex segment` in garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Proc. nat. Inst. Sci. India, 29 B:197-202.

DESHMUKH, P.G. & P.P. KARYAKARTE (1973): Plagiorchis sp. (Trematoda: Plagiorchidae) from the new host, Calotes versicolor in India. – Marathwada Univ. J. Sci. (Biol. Sci.), 12 (5): 249-251.

DESHPANDE, S., SHINDE, A. & M. JOSHI (2020): Erstnachweis eines Skorpions Hottentotta tamulus (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in der Nahrung von Calotes cf. versicolor (DAUDIN, 1802) (Reptilia: Agamidae). – Sauria, Berlin, 42 (2): 57-58.

DE SILVA, A. & S. WILSON (2005): Unusual cooling (thermoregulatory) behaviour observed in Calotes versicolor (Reptilia: Agamidae). – In: De Silva, A. (ed.): The diversity of the Dumbara Mountains. – Lyriocephalus Special Issue Vol. 6 (1/2): 311.

DEVASAHAYAM, S. & A. DEVASAHAYAM (1989): A peculiar food habit of the garden lizard Calotes versicolor, (Daudin). - J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,  86 (2): 253.

DHINDSA, M.S. & H.S. TOOR (1983): Reciprocal predation between a weaver bird and a lizard species. - J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 80 (1): 221-222.

DIECKMANN, M. & K. DIECKMANN (2010): Kurzmitteilung zu Naturbeobachtungen an der Blutsaugeragame, Calotes versicolor (DAUDIN, 1802), auf den Malediven. – Iguana, 23 (2): 28-30.

DIONG, C.H. (1994): Calotes versicolor (oriental garden lizard): Cannibalism and diet. – Herp.Rev., 25 (1): 25-26.

DIONG, C.H., CHOU, L.M. & K.K.P. LIM (1994): Calotes versicilor, the changeable lizard. – Nature Malaysiana, 19: 46-54.

DODDAMANI, L.S. (1994): Histoenzymological studies on embryonic and posthatching development of the ovary in the tropical oviparous lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Journal of Morphology, 222 (1): 1-10.

DODDAMANI, L.S. & B.Y.M. GOUDER (1988): Embryonic adrenals of Calotes versicolor. – Proceedings of the 75^th Session of the Insian Science Congress, Pune. Abstract No. 177.

DU, W.G. LIN, C.X., SHOU, L. & X. JI (2005): Morphological correlates of locomotor performance in four species of lizards using different habitats. – Zool. Res., 26 (1): 41-46. (In Chinesisch)

DUBEWAR, D.M. & S.A. SURYAWANSHI (1977): Effect of induced hypercalcemia on ultimobranchiat gland of the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Zeitschrift mikrosk.-anat. Forsch., 91 (4): 704-708.

DUTTA, N. & B. MANNA (1995): Pathogenic changes in lungs of Calotes versicolor Boulenger infected with Raillietiella gehyrae Bovien, 1927 (Pentastomida; Cephalobaenida). – Indian Journal of Animal Health, 34 (2): 79-81.

ENGE, K.M. & K.L. KRYSKO (2004): A new exotic species in Florida, the bloodsucker lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) (Sauria: Agamidae). – Biological Science, 67 (3): 226-230.

ERDELEN, W. (1986): The genus Calotes (Sauria: Agamidae) in Sri Lanka: Clutch sizes and reproductive seasonality of Calotes versicolor – preliminary results. – Spixiana, 9: 111-115.

ERDELEN, W. (1988): Population dynamics and dispersal in three species of agamid lizards in Sri Lanka: Calotes calotes, C. versicolor and C. nigrilabris. – Journal of Herpetology, 22: 42-52.

GARG, R.K., POANDHA, S.K. & J.P. THAPLIYAL (1967): Further studies on the development of eggs of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Copeia, 1967: 865-867.

GHOSH, G.S. (1962): On an additional factor of the hepatic portal system, additional pulmonary veins, and a corresponding venous unit of the segmental arteries in common garden lizard, Calotes versicolor Daud. – Curr. Sci., 31: 104.

GILPIN, H.G.B. (1975): Calotes versicolor. – Aquarist Pondkpr, 40 (10): 510-511.

GLÄSSER-TROBISCH, A. & D. TROBISCH (2014): Beobachtungen von Calotes versicolor (DAUDIN, 1802) auf Java. – Sauria, Berlin, 36 (3): 22-28.

GNANAMBIGAI, M. & G. RAMASWAMY (2014): Effect of endosulfan on the blood glucose level in the Garden Lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daud.). - Int. J. Modn. Res. Revs., 2 (6): 211-215.

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of endosulfan on the blood of garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. In the present study, the level of blood glucose was observed on the median lethal dose of endosulfan (41.7 mg/kg body weight) for 6,12,18,24,48,72,96 and 120 hours of exposure and lethal dose of endosulfan (59.7 mg/kg body weight) for 6,12 and 18 hours of exposure. The present study showed the level of blood glucose was decreased in the blood of garden lizard, Calotes versicolor.

GOEL, S.C. (1973): Observations on the development and hatching of the lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Journal zool. Soc. India, 25 (1-2): 37-45.

GOEL, S.C. (1976): On the mechanism of water uptake by the developing eggs of Calotes versicolor. – Experientia, 32 (10): 1331-1333.

GOUDER, B.Y.M. & V.B. NADKARNI (1976): Steroid synthesizing cellular sites in the ovaries of Calotes versicolor (Daud.), Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Ruppel) and Chamaeleon calcaratus (Boulenger): Histochemical study. – Indian J. Exp. Biol. 14 (6): 647-651.

A histochemical study of steroid synthesizing cellular sites in the ovaries of Calotes versicolor (Daud.), Hemidactylus flavivirdes (Ruppel) and Chamaeleon calcaratus (Boulenger) is discussed. THe distribution of delta 5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide diaphorase enzyme activities was studied in ovaries of the 3 species of lizards. All the enzyme activities occurred in 1) patches of cells of theca interna; 2) granulosa cells of large preovulatory, postovulatory, and atretic follicles; 3) interstitial cells of the ovarian stroma; and in the 4) ooplasm of the growing oocyte, suggesting their steroidogenic capacity. It was observed that following completion of follicular atresia, the phagocytic granulosa cells degenerate and the remaining cells of theca interna contribute to the formation of interstitial gland cells.

GOUDER, B.Y.M. & V.B. NADKARNI (1977): Seasonal changes in the hydroxysteroid dehydropgenase activity in the testis of the lizard Calotes versicolor: a histochemical study. – Indian J. exp. Biol., 15 (1): 19-23.

GOWANDE, G., MISHRA, A. & Z.A. MIRZA (2016): Neotype designation for Calotes versicolor Daudin, 1802 (Sauria: Agamidae) with notes on its systematics. - Zootaxa 4126 (2): 271–279.

Calotes versicolor Daudin, 1802 is one of the most widespread agamid lizard species which was described without a lo-cality. The type specimen of the species has long been considered lost; however most workers considered Pondicherry as the type locality for the species. Studies by Zug et al. 2006 confirmed that C. versicolor is a complex of multiple species which necessitates fixing type locality and specimen for the species in order to resolve the systematics of the species com-plex. An adult male from Pondicherry was collected and is here designated as the neotype. A re-description of the species is provided along with notes on systematics of the species.

GROSSMANN, W. (2011): Anmerkungen zur Prachtfärbung und zum Farbwechsel während Balz und Paarung bei einer verschiedenfarbigen Schönechse (Calotes versicolor-Komplex) in Nordthailand. – Sauria, Berlin, 33 (3): 43-49.

GROSSMANN, W. & T. KOWALSKI (2019): Calotes versicolor (DAUDIN, 1802) sensu lato als Neozoon im Dhofar, Sultanat Oman. – Sauria, Berlin, 41 (3): 19-30.

GUPTA, B.B.P. & J.P. THAPLIYAL (1986): Annual variation in the oxygen utilisation dynamics of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. - Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.), 95 (4): 403-410.

Energy requirement of Calotes versicolor, as judged by the rate of oxygen consumption by whole body, liver and muscle, was recorded to be minimum during hibernation (quiescent phase) and maximum during breeding phase. Kidney metabolic rate was comparatively high during hibernation and post-hibernation. Statistically significant circannual rhythms were detected in the rate of oxygen consumption of whole body, liver, muscle and kidney but not in that of brain. However, significant but transient increase in the rate of brain oxygen uptake was recorded during February (arousal), May (initiation of breeding) and November (entry into hibernationj.vlt seems that the annual changes in metabolic rate are reflections of energy requirements of the lizard and its tissues during different phases of the annual activity cycle. Further, climatic factors seem to affect the oxidative metabolism of Calotes acting through the endocrine glands.

GURAYA, S.S. (1960): Histochemical studies of lipids in oocytes. V. Lipids in the oogenesis of Calotes versicolor and Uromastix hardwickii. – Res. Bull. Panjab Univ. Science N.S., 10: 233-245.

GURAYA, S.S. (1969): Follicle cell nuclei as thed possible source for the formation of ooplasmic reserve DNA in the Garden lizard: A morphological and histochemical study. – Acta Embryol. Morph. exp., 1969: 91-96.

HALDAR, C. & J.P. THAPLIYAL (1977): Effect of pinealectomy on the annual testicular cycle of Calotes versicolor. – General comp. Endocr., 32 (4): 395-399.

HARIT, D.N. (2001): Zootherapeutic use of garden lizard (Calotes versicolor) (DAUDIN) in health care in Mirzoram, India. – Cobra, 43: 16-17.

HASAN, N., PANDEY, A.K. & K. SWARUP (1994): Response of serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels of Bufo andersoni, Calotes versicolor and Sinonatrix piscator to porcine glucagoin administration. – National Academy Science Letters (India), 17 (11-12): 231-235.

HASEEB, M.A. & B.K. PATNAIK (1973): Age related changes in the skeletal muscle of Calotes versicolor – 1. Change in glycogen, total protein, ascorbic acid and water content. – Experimental Geront., 8 (1): 23-28.

HASEEB, M.A. & B.K. PATNAIK (1973): Age related changes in the skeletal muscle of Calotes versicolor – 2. Correlation between RNA, total protein and free amino acids pool; changes in protein fractions. – Experimental Geront., 8 (4): 229-233.

HASEN DIDI, N.T. (1993): Observations on the nesting of a garden lizard (Calotes versicolor) in the Maldives. – Hamadryad, 18: 42.

HESELHAUS, R. (1984): Beobachtungen an Schönechsen (Calotes) auf den Malediven. – Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift, 37 (2): 74-75.

HUANG, Y., GUO, X., HO, S.Y.W., SHI, H., LI, J., LI, J. CAI, B. & Y. WANG (2013): Diversification and Demography of the Oriental Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor) on Hainan Island and the Adjacent Mainland. - PLoS ONE 8(6): e64754. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064754.

The Oriental garden lizard (Calotes versicolor) is one of the few non-gekkonid lizards that are geographically widespread in the tropics. We investigated its population dynamics on Hainan Island and the adjacent mainland of China and Vietnam, focusing on the impact of cyclic upheaval and submergence of land bridges during the Pleistocene. Our Bayesian phylogenetic analysis reveals two mitochondrial lineages, A and B, which are estimated to have coalesced about 0.26 million years ago (95% credibility interval: 0.05–0.61 million years ago). Lineage A contains individuals mainly from central and southern Wuzhi Mountain on Hainan Island, whereas lineage B mainly comprises individuals from other sites on the island plus the adjacent mainland. The estimated coalescence times within lineages A (0.05 million years ago) and B (0.13 million years ago) fall within a period of cyclical land-bridge formation and disappearance in the Pleistocene. A spatial analysis of molecular variance identified two distinct population groupings: I, primarily containing lineage A, and II, mainly consisting of lineage B. However, haplotypes from lineages A and B occur sympatrically, suggesting that gene flow is ongoing. Neither Wuzhi Mountain nor Qiongzhou Strait and Gulf of Tonkin act as barriers to gene flow among C. versicolor populations. Analyses of the data using mismatch distributions and extended Bayesian skyline plots provide evidence of a relatively stable population size through time for Group I, and moderate population expansions and contractions during the end of the Pleistocene for Group II. We conclude that the phylogeographical patterns of C. versicolor are the combined product of Pleistocene sea-level oscillations and nonphysical barriers to gene flow.

INAMDAR (DODDAMANI), L.S., VANI, V. & P.B. SESHAGIRI (2012): A tropical oviparous lizard, Calotes versicolor, exhibiting a potentially novel FMFM pattern of temperature-dependent sex determination. – J. Exp. Zool., 317A (1): 32-46.

Among squamate reptiles, lizards exhibit an impressive array of sex-determining modes viz. genotypic sex determination, temperature-dependent sex determination, co-occurrence of both these and those that reproduce parthenogenetically. The oviparous lizard, Calotes versicolor, lacks heteromorphic sex chromosomes and there are no reports on homomorphic chromosomes. Earlier studies on this species presented little evidence to the sex-determining mechanism. Here we provide evidences for the potential role played by incubation temperature that has a significant effect (Po0.01) on gonadal sex and sex ratio. The eggs were incubated at 14 different incubation temperatures. Interestingly, 100% males were produced at low (25.570.51C) as well as high (3470.51C) incubation temperatures and 100% females were produced at low (23.570.51C) and high (31.570.51C) temperatures, clearly indicating the occurrence of TSD in this species. Sex ratios of individual clutches did not vary at any of the critical male-producing or female-producing temperatures within as well as across the seasons. However, clutch sex ratios were female- or male-biased at intermediate temperatures. Thermosensitive period occurred during the embryonic stages 30–33. Three pivotal temperatures operate producing 1:1 sex ratio. Histology of gonad and accessory reproductive structures provide additional evidence for TSD. The sex-determining pattern, observed for the first time in this species, that neither compares to Pattern I [Ia (MF) and Ib (FM)] nor to Pattern II (FMF), is being referred to as FMFM pattern of TSD. This novel FMFM pattern of sex ratio exhibited by C. versicolor may have an adaptive significance in maintaining sex ratio.

INDURKAR, S.S. & J.H. SABNIS (1977): Observations on the breeding biology of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Indian J. Anim. Res., 11 (1): 7-11.

JAYARAMAN, S. & V.R. MUTHUKKARUPPAN (1977): Effect of splenectomy on the in-vitro migration inhibition response to sheep erythrocytes in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Experientia, 33 (11): 1521-1522.

JENA, B.S. & B.K. PATNAIK (1995): Age-related responses of hepatic ATPases to starvation and cold stress in male garden lizards. – Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 111B (4): 545-552.

JI, X., QIU, Q.B. & C.H. DIONG (2002): Sexual dimorphism and female reproductive characteristics in the oriental garden lizard, Calotes versicolor, from Hainan, southern China. – J. Herp., 36 (1): 1-8.

JI, X., QIU, Q.B. & C.H. DIONG (2002): Influence of incubation temperature on hatching success, energy expenditure for embryonic development, and size and morphology of hatchlings in the oriental garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Agamidae). – Journal of Experimental Zoology, 292 (7): 649-659.

JOHNSON, S. (1969): A new species of nematode from the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Bulletin syst. Zool., 1 (2): 77-79.

JØRGENSEN, J.M. (1975): The sensory epithelia in the inner ear of a lizard, Calotes versicolor Daudin. – Videnskabelige Meddr dansk naturh. Foren, 138: 7-19.

KADAM, K.M. (1957): The development of the vertebral column in Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Proc. Indian Sci. Congr., 44: 330.

KALAIMANI, A. (2022): Leschenault’s Blattfingergecko Hemidactylus leschenaultii erbeutet eine Verschiedenfarbige Schönechse Calotes versicolor. – Sauria, Berlin, 44 (2): 73.

KALITA, S.K. (2000): Competition for food between a garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin) and a magpie robin Copsychus saularis Linn. - J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 97 (3): 431.

KANAKAMBIKA, P. & V. MUTHUKKARUPPAN (1972): The immune response to sheep erythrocytes in the lizard Calotes versicolor. – Journal Immunol., 109 (3): 415-419.

KANAKAMBIKA, P. & V. MUTHUKKARUPPAN (1972): Immunological competence in the newly hatched lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Proceedings Soc. exp. Biol. Med., 140 (1): 21-23.

KANAKAMBIKA, P. & V. MUTHUKKARUPPAN (1972): Effect of splenectomy on the immune response in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Experientia, 28 (10): 1225-1226.

KANAKAMBIKA, P. & V. MUTHUKKARUPPAN (1973): Lymphoid differentiation and organization of the spleen in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Proceedings Indian Acad. Sci. (B), 78 (1): 37-44.

KAR, A. (1987): Relative importance of temperature and photoperiod in the physiology of Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Current Sciu., 56 (10): 497-499.

KASINATHAN, S. & S.L. BASU (1971): Effect of steroid hormones on the blood constituents of Rana hexadactyla and Calotes versicolor. – Curr. Sci., 40: 297-298.

KASINATHAN, S. & S.L. BASU (1971): Comparative effect of steroids on the muscle and serum electrolytes of Rana hexadactyla and Calotes versicolor. – Indian J. exp. Biol., 9: 465-466.

KASINATHAN, S. & S.L. BASU (1973): The effect of exogenous steroids on spermatogenesis and accessory ducts of Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Acta morph. hung., 21 (3): 261-269.

KASINATHAN, S. & S.L. BASU (1973): Seasonal variation in the testes, accessory ducts and adrenal glands of Calotes cersicolor (Daudin). – Acta morph. hung., 21 (3): 271-279.

KINARIWALA, R.V., SHAH, R.V. & A.V. RAMACHANDRAN (1977): 2. The effect of tail computation and wound healing on hepatic glycogen content and blood glucose level, in the agamid lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Journal Anim. Morph. Physiol., 24 (1): 86-90.

KOTHARI, R.M. & S.F. PATIL (1975): Effect of gamma irradiation on the common garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Journal Herpet., 9 (1): 103-105.

KULKARNI, M.L. (2013): Some reproductive biological aspects of the male lizard, Calotes versicolor. Thesis. Amravati University.

KULKARNI, P. & P.V. RANGNEKER (1971): Seasonal changes in the testes and ductus epididymis of the lizard, Calotes versicolor (Boulenger). – J. anim. Morph. Physiol., 18: 30-43.

KULKARNI, P. & P.V. RANGNEKER (1974): Cyclic changes in the distribution of lipids in testis of the lizard Calotes versicolor (Boulenger). – Journal Anim. Morph. Physiol., 21 (1): 71-73.

KUMAR, S. & T.C. MAJUPURIA (1973): The respiratory mechanism in Calotes versicolor Daud. (Agamidae, Lacertilia). – Zoologischer Anz., 191 (1-2): 50-61.

KUNZ, K. (2003): Agamen als Biomedizin. – Draco, Münster, 4 (2): 96.

LAL, R. (2015): Study of reproduction and thymi functions in male garden lizard Calotes versicolor. - Thesis. V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur.

LEWTHWAITE, R. (1994): Great barbet eating a lizard. - Hong Kong Bird Rep., 1993: 211.

LIU, S., ZUO, C. & D. RAO (2021): Distribution extension of Calotes irawadi Zug, Brown, Schulte & Vindum, 2006, previously confused with C. versicolor (Daudin, 1802): first record from China, Herpetozoa 34: 83-88.

Observations have been made on the thermoregulatory behaviour of the agamid lizard Calotes versicolor at two different altitudes. Operative temperatures and lizard body temperatures were significantly higher at low altitude (91 metres). The high altitude climate (920+ metres) imposed a behavioural cost for raising body temperature by increased basking. High operative temperatures at low altitude set a premium on shade seeking. Precision of body temperatures, defined as a function of body temperature variance, was not significantly different between populations. Tentative mathematical models for a series of Calotes and other squamates, indicated that altitude generally has an influence on body temperatures.

MEESOOK, W., ARTCHAWAKOM, T., AOWPHOL, A. & P. TUMKIRATIWONG (2016): Reproductive pattern and sex hormones of Calotes emma Gray 1845 and Calotes versicolor Daudin 1802 (Squamata; Agamidae). – Turk. J. Zool., 40: 691-703.

The Indian Garden lizard has been recorded as herpetofauna of Iran but the only existing records belong to far years before in which Balnford (1870) and Zarudny (1903) recorded 2-3 specimens in Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran. Afterward, there were no records on the species in the country. Based on the existing records the mentioned localities were investigated for years and using the information gained from local people finally we could find two specimens in Geravani village in Saravn city area, one adult and the other a juvenile. The captured adult had snout- vent length of 121.7 mm and tail length of 293.2 mm. The main color of the adult one was light brown to gray with patches of dark brown and white. Red throat and orange shoulders and orbit area were the main colorful parts. Other parts are under investigation to find more specimens.

MOHANTY, M.K. & B.K. PATNAIK (1968): Effect of age on the ascorbic acid content of the liver of Calotes versicolor. – Experientia, 24: 1129.

MOMIN, V.M. (1975): The influence of fasting and pancreatectomy on some glycoltyic enzymes in the muscle of garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Zeitschrift mikrosk.-anat. Forsch., 89 (4): 744-757.

MULHERKAR, L. (1962): Studies on the absorption of water by the eggs of the garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daud.) using trypan blue. – Proc. nat. Inst. Sci. India, 28B: 94-99.

MULHERKAR, L. & N. CHAUDHARY (1975): Morphogenesis of the notochord in the lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Annals Zool., Agra, 11 (2): 41-51.

MULHERKAR, L. & P.V. JOSHI (1974): Studies on the histology and histochemical detection of alkaline phosphatase in the mesonephros of Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Journal Anim. Morph. Physiol., 21 (2): 113-117.

MULHERKAR, L. & R.M. KOTHARI (1970): Site and mechanism of uric acid formation in Garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Journal Anim. Morph. Physiol., 17: 69-74.

MUTHUKKARUPPAN, V., KANAKAMBIKA, P., MANICKAVEL, V. & K. VEERARAGHAVAN (1970): Analysis of the development of the lizard Calotes versicolor. L. A series of normal stages in the embryonic development. – J. Morph., 130: 479-490.

It has been shown that the external parameters of eggs of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor, are not suitable for assessing the exact developmental stages of embryos. In order to make use of this lizard's embryos for experimental work, a series of developmental stages has been characterized, using various morphological features.

NARASIMHAMURTHY, C.C. & K.P. RAO (1955): Studies on the sympathetic nervous system of reptiles: Cytoplasmic inclusions of the sympathetic neurons of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor and the limbless lizard, Barkudia. – Proc. Indian sci. Congr. Ass. 42nd 3: 277.

NAYAR, K.K.. & V. ANANTHANARAYANAN (1956): Neurosecretory cells of the brain of the garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Proc. Indian sci. Congr. Ass. 43rd 4: 35-36.

NAYAR, S. & K.R. PANDALAI (1964): Neurohypophysial structure and the problem of neurosecretion in the garden lizard Calotes versicolor. – Anat. Anz., 114: 270-289.

NIRMAL, B.K. (2019): Testosterone induced histological variations in thymus of male Garden Lizard, Calotes versicolor. - J. Exp. Zool. India, 22 (2):861-866.

Environmental factors influence different glands during developmental as well as developed stages. Thymus of Calotes versicolor shows the variations in different phases influenced by environmental and internal factors. In the present study, thymus of Calotes versicolor was taken in different reproductive phases to observe the developmental changes due to different doses of testosterone. These changes were observed in developed thymocytes and other histological tissues. During non-breeding phase thymus can be observed well developed which showed involution with high dose of testosterone. During breeding phase involuted thymus further deteriorated due to different doses of testosterone administration. In this phase, cells has lost their morphological appearance due to testosterone.

OOMMEN, O.V. & J.D. KAIPPALLIL (1995): A comparative study of the effects and mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in the teleost, Anabas testudineus and the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Journal of Reproductive Biology and Comparative Endocrinology, 7 (1-2): 1-8.

PADHI, S.C. & B.K. PATNAIK (1974): Ageing changes in the brain of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor – 2. Nucleic acids and protein. – Experimental Geront., 9 (2): 83-93.

PADHI, S.C. & B.K. PATNAIK (1975): Ageing changes in the brain of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor – 3. Amino acid and ascorbic acid contents in whole brain and brain parts. – Experimental Geront., 10 (1): 61-66.

PADHI, S.C. & B.K. PATNAIK (1975): Age-change in basic proteins of the brain and brain parts in the male garden lizard. – Experimental Geront., 10 (2): 1376-139.

PADHI, S.C. & B.K. PATNAIK (1976): Regional distribution of RNA, DNA and protein in the brain of male garden lizard during ageing. – Journal Neurochem., 26 (3): 617-619.

PADHI, S.C. & B.K. PATNAIK (1977): Ascorbic acid synthesis in the kidney extract of male garden lizard Calotes versicolor Daudin. – Indian J. exp. Biol., 15 (12): 1228-1229.

PAHARI, U., SARKAR, A. & S.K. BANERJEE (1975): Effect of adrenalin and acetylcholine on the hypothalamic neurosecretory system in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Acta anat., 92: 72-78.

PAL, J.K. & S.C. GOEL (1986): Studies on the water soluble lens proteins of the lizard, Calotes versicolor – III. Ontogenic Changes: (lizard/crystallins/ development). – Developm. Growth. Diff., 28 (2): 157-167.

Ontogeny of lens crystallins of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor has been studied by gel filtration, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 7M urea PAGE, SDS and 6M urea isoelectric focusing. Wet weight, diameter and the soluble protein content per lens were also determined as a function of age. The amount of a-crystallins increased slightly during development. The relative proportion of the putative d-crystallins was significantly higher in the embryos than in the adult. The overall polypeptide pattern of crystallins changed markedly around the time of hatching.

PAL, J.K., NERURKAR, A.R. & S.C. GOEL (1980): Studies on the water soluble lens proteins of the lizard, Calotes versicolor - I. Fractionation and molecular weight determination. – Exp. Eye Res., 30 (6): 739-746.

PAL, J.K., NERURKAR, A.R. & S.C. GOEL (1980): Studies on the water soluble lens proteins of the lizard, Calotes versicolor - II. Electrophoretic and immunological characterization. – J. Exp. Zool., 224A (3): 299-306.

The Sephadex G-200 gel filtration fractions C1 to C6 of the water-soluble lens proteins of Calotes versicolor have been characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), 7 M urea PAGE, SDS PAGE, and immunological tests. Cl fraction, an a-crystallin which cross-reacts with chick a, has very low amount of B chains. It shows two bands in SDS PAGE, one strong and another weak. C2 and C3 fractions, both of which partially cross-react with chick 0-crystallins, are largely similar but not identical. C2 in SDS PAGE produces a faint band with a molecular weight of 54,500, which suggests that C2 may either contain a small amount of 6-crystallin in addition to PH crystallin or that Cu1ote.s PH has a high molecular weight subunit like human PH; however, in immunological tests no material cross-reacting with chick 6 was seen. C4 and C5 are low molecular weight, monomeric, and basic proteins which in all probability are not y-crystallins.

PANDALAI, K.R. (1956): Neurosecretory cells in Calotes versicolor. – Curr. Sci., 25 (1): 18-19.

PANDALAI, K.R. (1956): Neurosecretory pathways in Calotes versicolor. – Curr. Sci., 25 (11): 368-369.

PANDALAI, K.R. (1958): Morphology of the neurosecretory cells of Calotes versicolor. – J. Anat. Soc. India, 7: 92-104.

PANDALAI, K.R. (1958): The subcommisural organ in the garden lizard Calotes versicolor. – Curr. Sci., 27: 173-174.

PANDALAI, K.R. & P.S. NAYAR (1962): Secretory activity in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Curr. Sci., 3: 193-194.

PANDAV, B.N. (2007): Studies on the biology of the hatchlings and adult lizards Calotes versicolor. - Thesis. Karnatak University, Dharwad.

PANDAV, B.N., SAIDAPUR, S.K. & B.A. SHANBHAG (2012): Expression of phenotypic plasticity in hatchlings of the lizard Calotes versicolor (Squamata: Agamidae): influence of nest moisture. – Phyllomedusa, 11 (1): 13-20.

Calotes versicolor breed from late May to early October. The breeding activity begins with the onset of the southwest monsoon. The eggs laid in early breeding season experience more wet conditions than those of the late breeding season. We studied the influence of nest moisture levels on the phenotypic traits of hatchlings by burying the eggs in 5 cm deep sand nests with ~50% (wet nest) or ~20% (relatively dry nest) moisture to simulate nesting conditions of early and late breeding seasons. A group of eggs were subjected to standard laboratory incubation procedure in which eggs are half buried in the moist sand and the other half exposed to air. Hatching time and hatchling body size varied with the treatment. The eggs from dry nests hatched later and hatchlings were the biggest but possessed least amount of residual yolk compared to those of ''wet nest'' and also ''lab incubated'' groups. In these hatchlings head and limb sizes were significantly larger than that of the other two groups. The findings show: (1) a developmental plasticity in the lizard, (2) that under low moist conditions larger body size is preferred, and (3) that the trade off between somatic growth of embryos and future energy reserves (residual yolk) of hatchlings is influenced by the soil moisture in C. versicolor.

PANDAV, B.N., SHANBHAG, B.A. & S.K. SAIDAPUR (2006): Functional significance of post hatching residual yolk in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Journal of Herpetology, 40: 385-387.

PANDAV, B.N., SHANBHAG, B.A. & S.K. SAIDAPUR (2007): Ethogram of courtship and mating behaviour of garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Current Science, 93 (8): 1164-1167.

PANDAV, B.N., SHANBHAG, B.A. & S.K. SAIDAPUR (2010): Growth patterns and reproductive strategies in the lizard Calotes versicolor raised in captivity. – Acta Herpetologica, 5: 131-142..

PANDHA, S.K. & J.P. THAPLIYAL (1964): Hypophysrectomy in Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Naturwissenschaften, 51: 201-202.

PANDHA, S.K. & J.P. THAPLIYAL (1964): Effect of male hormone on the renal sex segment of castrated males of the lizard Calotes versicolor. – Copeia, 1964: 579-581.

PANDHA, S.K. & J.P. THAPLIYAL (1967): Egg laying and development in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Copeia, 1967: 121-125.

PANG, Q. (1999): Karyotype of Calotes versicolor. - Sichuan J. Zool., 18 (2): 53. (in Chinesisch)

PANIGRAHY, G.K. & B.K. PATNAIK (1973): Studies on the connective tissue of reptiles – 1. Age changes in collagen and water contents of bone and hyoid cartilage of male garden lizard. – Experimental Geront., 8 (5): 251-257.

PANIGRAHY, G.K. & B.K. PATNAIK (1974): Studies on the connective tissue of reptiles – 2. Age changes in collagen and water contents of tendon; in vitro ageing of bone collagen of the male garden lizard. – Experimental Geront., 9 (3): 115-121.

PANIGRAHY, G.K. & B.K. PATNAIK (1975): Effect of somatotropin on the collagen contents of bone, cartilage and tendon in young male garden lizards. – Experimental Geront., 10 (1): 85-87.

PANIGRAHY, G.K. & B.K. PATNAIK (1975): Inhibitory effect of cadmium chloride on the cross-linking of collagen in young male garden lizards. – Experimental Geront., 10 (5): 305-307..

PANIGRAHY, G.K. & B.K. PATNAIK (1975): Changes in collagen during embryonic growth of the garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Indian J. exp. Biol., 13 (3): 300-301.

PANIGRAHY, G.K. & B.K. PATNAIK (1977): Effect of cortisone on collagen contents of bone, hyoid cartilage and tendon of young male garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Indian J. exp. Biol., 15 (2): 146-147.

PARALKAR, V.K. (1995): A common garden lizard (Calotes versicolor) killing an adult house sparrow (Passer domesticus). – Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 92 (3): 426.

PARANJAPE, S.Y. (1968): Studies on Calotes versicolor, Bouln. Part 3: Coelom and digestive system. – J. Univ. Poona, 34: 133-152.

PARANJAPE, S.Y. (1969): Studies on Calotes versicolor, Bouln. Part 5: circulatory system. – J. Univ. Poona, 36: 49-69.

PARANJAPE, S.Y. (1969): Studies on Calotes versicolor, Bouln. Part 6: Urogenital system. – J. Univ. Poona, 36: 711-86.

PARANJAPE, S.Y. (1970): Studies on Calotes versicolor, Bouln. Part 9: Organs of sense. – J. Univ. Poona, 38: 93-103.

PARASHARYA, B.M. & K.L. MATHEW (1994): Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus feeding on garden lizard Calotes versicolor. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 91 (1): 145.

PARMAR, D.S. (2020): Notes on eggs and hatchlings of the Oriental Garden Lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin 1802), and the Common House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus (Schlegel 1836) in Gujarat, India. – IRCF Rept. Amphib., 26 (3): 245-247.

PEREIRA, M.J. (1961): The common Calotes or bloodsucker lizard [Calotes versicolor (Daudin)] as a predator of birds. – J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 58: 527-528.

PILLAI, T.S. (1957): The arteria laryngotrachealis of Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Proc. Indian sci. Congr., 44: 329.

PITCHAPPAN, R. & V. MUTHUKKARUPPAN (1970): Analysis of the development of the lizard Calotes versicolor –II. Histogenesis of the thymus. – Developm. Comp. Immunol., 1: 217-230.

PITCHAPPAN, R. & V. MUTHUKKARUPPAN (1976): Procedure for thymectomy in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. - Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 84 B (2): 42-49.

PITCHAPPAN, R. & V. MUTHUKKARUPPAN (1977): Thymus-dependent lymphoid regions in thge spleen of the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Journal exp. Zool., 199 (2): 177-183.

PRAKASH, R. (1959): The heart and its conducting system in the lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Proc. int. Congr. Zool.,15: 1020.

PRAKASH, R. (1960): The heart and its conducting system in the lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Anat. Rec., 136: 469-475.

PRAKASH, I. (1960): Calotes lizard occupying bird's nest. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 56 (3): 639-640.

PRAKOBKARN, A. (2010): Morphological variation of Garden Fence Lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) in Thailand. - Thesis. Chulalongkorn University. 138 pp.

PRAKOBKARN, A., THIRAKHUPT, K. & T. NGAMPRASERTWONG (2016): Sexual dimorphism and geographic variation of Calotes versicolor (Squamata: Agamidae) in northern and southern Thailand. – Agricult. Nat. Res., 50: 474-482.

The garden fence lizard, Calotes versicolor, is a common and widely distributed lizard throughout the Middle to Far-East including Indo-Asia and Thailand. Although this species displays variation in ist morphology throughout its range, such variation has not been examined in Thailand. Thus, 20 adult lizards were examined from each of three geographically distinct populations in each of northern and southern Thailand to document any sexual and regional variation. Differentiation in characters between sexes and populations were tested using ANCOVA and principle component analysis for the mensural characters, the ManneWhitney U-test for the meristic characters and the c2 test for coloration. Sexual dimorphism was found to occur in all populations. Males have a larger relative head size and longer relative limb lengths, whilst females exhibit a longer relative trunk length. The scalation of males was also more prominent than in females. Females in both the southern and northern Thailand populations have brighter patterns on the paired dorsolateral stripe, forearm stripe and paired nuchal spots than the corresponding males. Regional differentiation in mensural characters and coloration was more prominent in males, but no clustering of regional populations was found. Some meristic characters were congruent with regional variation. Males in the southern populations have a larger relative head size and longer relative limb lengths than those from the northern populations, but these differences were not found in females. Males in the southern populations have brighter patterns in dark bands on the trunk and colored throat patch than those in the northern populations.

PRASAD, B.S.K. (1991): Histophysiological studies on the ovary in the garden lizard Calotes versicolor. Thesis. Karnatak University, Dharwad.

PRASADA RAO, P.D. (1977): A cytoarchitectonic study of the hypothalamus of the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Cell Tissue Res., 180 (1): 63-85.

QIU, Q.B., ZENG, X.B., LIN, L.H. & X. JI (2009): Selected body temperature, thermal tolerance and influence of temperature on food assimilation in the oriental garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Agamidae). – Act. Ecol. Sin., 29 (4): 1738-1744. (In Chinesisch)

RADDER, R.S. (2001): Studies on reproduction in the lizard, Calotes versicolor(Daud.) with reference to sex steroid cycles, factors controlling gonadal recrudescence and fecundity. Thesis. Karnatak University, Dharwad.

RADDER, R.S. (2006): An overview of geographic variation in the life history traits of the tropical agamid lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Current Science, 91 (10): 1354-1363.

RADDER, R.S. & B.A. SHANBHAG (2004): Factors influencing offspring traits in the oviparous multi-clutched lizard, Calotes versicolor (Agamidae). – J. Biosci., 29 (1): 105-110.

RADDER, R.S., SHANBHAG, B.A. & S.K. SAIDAPUR (1998): Prolonged oviductal egg retention arrests embryonic growth at stage 34 in captive Calotes versicolor. – Herpetological Review, 29: 217.

RADDER, R.S., SHANBHAG, B.A. & S.K. SAIDAPUR (2002): Pattern of yolk internalization by hatchlings is related to breeding timing in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Current Science, 82: 1484-1486.

RADDER, R.S., SHANBHAG, B.A. & S.K. SAIDAPUR (2002): Influence of incubation tempoerature and substrate on eggs and embryos of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Amphibia-Reptilia, 23: 71-82.

RAJASEKARASETTY, M.R. (1956): Morphogenesis on the pituitary body in an Indian lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – J. Mysore Univ. N.S., 15B (1): 17-46.

RAMASWAMI, L.S. (1946): The chondrocranium of Calotes versicolor (Daud.) with, a description, of the osteocranium of a just-hatched young. -  Quart. J. micr. Sci., 87 (3): 237-297.

1. In the earliest stage of Calotes studied, the basal plate is confluent with the pleurocentrum of the atlas and axis vertebrae. Later, a joint appears between the hypocentral condyle and the first vertebra. This shows that, at least temporarily, the elements of the anterior sclerotomic hah0 in this region are in continuity with the posterior in front as happens in the vertebral region. The occipito-atlantic joint is, therefore, intravertebral and intersegmental as in other Lacertilia. 2. The anterior semicircular canal is completely separated for a short distance from the remaining otic capsule. The gap is filled with connective tissue. 3. The intervestibular septum shows a lateral foramen which transmits nothing and the utricular connexion between the anterior and posterior chambers passes posteriorly to the median part of the septum and, therefore, a medial orifice is not formed. 4. The preoptic roots, the orbital cartilages, and metoptic pila are paired in early stages; the orbital cartilage connects the preoptic root, pila metoptica and pila antotica dorsally. Later the two preoptic roots merge to form a median preoptic pillar, the orbital cartilages anteriorly unite to form the planum supraseptale, while posteriorly also the orbital cartilages (taenia medialis) unite at the region of the hypophysial foramen. This posterior united portion is met by a median vertical pillar (formed by the. fusion of cartilago hypochiasmatica, subiculum infundibuli, and pilae metopticae) arising from the trabecula communis. The single septal fenestra is divided into an anterior larger and a posterior optic by the formation of median interorbital pillar from the ventral interorbital septum which meets the posterior portion of the planum supraseptale. The ventral portion of the interorbital septum is never noticed to be paired; the taenia marginalis is absent. However, short projections from the posterodorsal margin of the planum and from the anterodorsal face of the otic capsule represent the reminiscence of marginalis connexion. A supratrabecular bar is absent. 5. In the nasal capsule, a concha nasalis is absent; therefore, the lateral nasal glands are unenclosed in a cartilaginous capsule. The anterior portion of the paranasal cartilage unites with the dorsal portion of the lamina transversalis anterior, and the latter gives rise to an eetochoanal cartilage, but a paraseptal cartilage is absent. On the ventral side, from the free median margin of the lamina orbitonasalis, there arises a short projection which represents the posterior portion of the paraseptal cartilage. 6. The pterygoquadrate shows a free streptostylic quadrate, a processus ascendens which ossifies into the epipterygoid, a processus pterygoideus only in early stages, a basipterygoid articulation by a free meniscus cartilage, and an otic articulation with the crista parotica and processus paroticus by the quadrate. 7. The columella auris shows a ligamentary processus dorsalis connexion with the processus paroticus, a cartilaginous processus internus which articulates with the quadrate, a processus accessorius anterior which is connected with the quadrate by a ligament, and a ligamentary connexion between the pars superior of the insertion plate and processus paroticus. The processus accessorius posterior-ceratohyal connexion was not noticed. There is also a muscle (a part of M. stylohyoid) spanning the pars superior and crista parotica. The pars superior-paroticus ligamentaiy connexion, with the chorda tympani running laterally to it, is homologized with the laterohyal of Sphenodon and the crocodile. 8. The hyoid apparatus shows a processus. lingualis and cornuhyale (paired hypo- and ceratohyals) arising from a median basihyal and two pairs of ceratobranchials. 9. In the osteoeranium, the oto-occipital of each side is formed by the fusion of opisthotie and exoccipital, while the supraoccipital is formed by an ossification in the tectum and ist fusion with the two epiotics formed in the sinus region of the otic capsule. The basioccipital and the composite 'sphenoid' are not united. The pleurosphenoid ossifies in the pila antotica. The epipterygoid is connected at its dorsal end with the parietal by a ligament, and ventromedially it is free from the meniscus cartilage. The frontals and parietals are paired in the stage examined, and in the adult the parietals of each side fuse, as also the frontals.

RANDOW, H. (1952): Calotes versicolor Daudin und Calotes cristatellus Kühl. – Die Aquar. Terrar. Z., Stuttgart, 5: 185-187.

RANGNEKER, P.V. & V. MADHAVAN (1969): Effects of insulin administration in the lizard Calotes versicolor (Boulenger). – J. biol. Sci., 12: 44-51.

RAO, M.A. (1953): The histology and histochemistry of the thymus in Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Proc. 40th Indian Sci. Congress, Lucknow, 111: 182.

RAO, M.A. (1954): Alkaline phosphatase and periodic acid-Schiff reactions in the thymus of Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Proc. nat. Inst. Sci. India, 20 (4): 503-507.

RAO, M.A. (1955): The involution of the thymus of the lizard Calotes versicolor (Daud.). – Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 21B (1): 10-17.

RAO, K.L. & B.K. PATNAIK (1971): Effect of age and hepatectomy on the glycogen content of the liver of g the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Experimental Geront., 6: 287-291.

RAO, K.L. & B.K. PATNAIK (1971): Alterations in the RNA protein and free amino acid level of the liver of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor, during ageing and partial hepatectomy. – Experimental Geront., 6: 397-404.

RAO, K.L. & B.K. PATNAIK (1973): Change in ascorbic acid and water content of the liver of garden lizard during ageing and partial hepactectomy. – Experimental Geront., 8 (1): 45-50.

RAO, K.L. & B.K. PATNAIK (1973): Correlation between bodyweight,snout to vent length, tailgirth and metabolic rate in male garden lizards (Calotes versicolor). – Experimental Geront., 8 (3): 173-176.

RAO, K.L. & B.K. PATNAIK (1973): Change in ascorbic acid content of the liver of Calotes versicolor after partial hepatectomy: influence of age and sex. – Indian Biologist, 3 (1-2): 30-32.

RAO, R.K. & B.K. PATNAIK (1977): Cdcl2 inhibition of respiratory metabolism in skeletal muscle of the garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Indian J. exp. Biol., 15 (2): 147-148.

RAUT, S.K. & K.C. GHOSE (1984): Nesting and egg laying behaviour of the garden lizard (Calotes versicolor). – Herpetol. Rev.,15 (4): 108.

SAHAI, R. (1970): On the innervation of heart of Garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Sci. Cult., 36: 345-346.

SANCHEZ, M., GANDAR, A., DUVAL, T., WARREN, B.H. & J.-M. PROBST (2009): Note brève: observation d’un agame arlequin, Calotes versicolor (Daudin 1802) (Squamata : Agamidae), à une altitude exceptionnelle de 2340 m pour l'île de La Réunion. - Bulletin Phaethon, 29 : 22-25.

SANDERA, M. & Z. STAROSTOVA (2009): A record of Asian agama of the genus Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) in Kenya. – Bonner zoologische Beiträge,Bonn, 56 (4): 225-228.

Abstract:
Agamas of ther genus Calotes Cuvier, 1817 occour in South and Southeast Asia. The garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) was introduceed or dragged to several places and islands in Asia, Indian Ocean and USA (Florida). The record of this species in Africa was regardless unexpected. We demonstrate the first record of Calotes versicolor in the African continent. Besodes recognizing this species from the photograph, we were also able to identify it by using DNA sequencing.

SARKAR, H.B.D. & M.A. RAO (1962): The interrelationship between thymus, spleen, and (gonads) testes during breeding and nonbreeding seasons in the garden lizard. – Proc. All-India Congr. Zool., 1962 (2): 69-76.

SATHYANARAYANA, M.C. & P. GEORGE (1994): The endoparasites of Calotes versicolor in Mannampandal and Porayar areas of Tamil Nadu, India. – Hamadryad, 19: 71-75.

SCHMIDT, P. (1911): Eine grüne Varietät der Calotes versicolor (Daudin)? - Zool. Beob. (Frankfurt am Main), 52: 350-352.

SEKAR, A.G. (1988): A note on the food habit of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 85 (1): 199.

SHANBHAG, B.A. (2003): Reproductive strategies in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Current Sci., Bangalore, 84 (5): 646-652.

SHANBHAG, B.A., AMMANNA, V.H.F. & S.K. SAIDAPUR (2010): Associative learning in hatchlings of the lizard Calotes versicolor: taste and colour discrimination. – Amphibia-Reptilia, 31 (4): 475-481.

The study examined whether newly born hatchlings of Calotes versicolor discriminate between tastes and exhibit associative learning. The one-day-old hatchlings ate 2nd instar silk-moth larvae (prey) placed in non-painted, orange or green dishes without any bias for the background colour. They ate sucrose coated sweetened prey, but given a choice preferred natural larvae. But they spat bitter tasting chloroquine phosphate (CP)-coated prey and exhibited aversion behaviour. Hatchlings fed on natural larvae from non-painted or orange dishes for 10 days preferred food from the dish to which they were accustomed when choice of both colour backgrounds was given suggesting they also remember different tastes in association with background colour cues. Upon swapping sucrose and CP-coated prey/dish colours the hatchlings were misled and they attempted to eat from the dishes to which they were accustomed prior to the trials regardless of whether food/prey was coated with sucrose or CP. However, bitter prey was immediately spat and aversion behaviour followed. The study shows for the first time, taste discrimination and associative learning behaviour in new-born lizard hatchlings.

SHANBHAG, B.A., RADDER, R.S. & S.K. SAIDAPUR (2000): Maternal size determines clutch mass, whereas breeding timing influences clutch and egg sizes in the tropical lizard, Calotes versicolor (Agamidae). – Copeia, 2000 (4): 1062-1067.

SHARMA, I.K. (1975): Biotoop, gedrag en voortplanting van Calotes versicolor. - Lacerta, 34 (1): 14-16.

SHARMA, K.K., SHARMA, V., SHARMA, N. & M.S. ROHILLA (2012): Natural history notes: Calotes versicolor (Common Garden Lizard). Avian predation. – Herpetol. Rev., 43 (4): 645.

SHARMA, S.K. (1991): Cannibalism by common garden lizard Calotes versicolor. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 88 (2): 290-291.

SHARMA, S.K. (1992): Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor preying on Brook’s gecko Hemidactylus brooki. - J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 88 (3): 459.

SHARMA, S.K. (1994): The common garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin) feeding on germinating seeds of Feronia limonia (Linn) Swingle. - J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 91 (1): 150.

SHARMA, S.K. (1999): Calotes versicolor feeding on Lycodon aulicus. - J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 96 (1): 146-147.

SHARMA, S.K. (2001): Difference in breeding coloration in Calotes versicolor of the southern and northern Aravallis in Rajasthan. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 98 (1): 120-121.

SHARMA, S. (2005): Altitudinal range extension of Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor. – Reptile Rap (South Asian Reptile Network Newsletter), 7: 1-2.

SHARMA, S.K. (2007): Further notes on breeding colour in male Calotes versicolor. – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 104 (1): 102-103.

SHARMA, S.K. (2010): Infighting injuries in male common Indian Lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin) during breeding period. - Reptile Rap, 9: 11-13.

SHARMA, G.H.R. & T. CHACKO (1971): Study of the endoskeleton of Calotes versicolor (Daud.) in comparison with that of some other agamids. – Indian J. Zoot., 12 (3): 198-221.

SHEELA, R. & K.R. PANDALAI (1968): Reaction of the paraventricular nucleus to dehydration in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Gen. comp. Endocr., 11: 257-261.

SHINDE, A. & A. GHOSH (2021): A case of facultative aggregation in the oriental garden lizard Calotes cf. versicolor Daudin, 1802 (Squamata: Agamidae). – Herp. Bull., (155): 36-37.

SHINDE, G.B. & A.D. MOHEKAR (1976): Redescription of Ochoristica sigmoides Moghe,1926 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from Indian lizard Calotes versicolor at Aurangabad, India. – Marathewada Univ. J. Sci. (Biol. Sci.), 16 (9): 197-198.

SHIVANANDAPPA, T. & H.B.D. SARKAR (1977): Localization of some steroidogenic enzymes in the testis of the Indian bloodsucker, Calotes versicolor (Sauria: Agamidae). – Herpetologica, 33 (3): 388-390.

SILVA, P.H.D.H. de (1956): The heart and aortic arches in Calotes versicolor (Daudin) with notes upon the heart and aortic arches in Calotes calotes (Linne) and Calotes nigrilabris Peters. – Spolia zeylan., 28 (1): 55-67.

SILVA, P.H.D.H. de (1956): The arterial system of Calotes versicolor (Daudin) with notes upon the arterial system of Calotes calotes (Linne) and Calotes nigrilabris Peters. – Spolia zeylan., 28 (1): 69.86.

SINGH, B. & B. PRASAD (1970): Courtship and copulation in the Indian garden lizard Calotes versicolor. – Indian J. Zoot., 11 (1): 100-103.

SINGH, B. & B. PRASAD (1971): Studies on the outline of development of the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin). – Indian J. Zoot., 12 (3): 155-195.

SINGH, G.S. & J.P. THAPLIYAL (1963): Sex ratio and size of the garden lizard (Calotes versicolor Daud.). – J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc:, 59: 965-966.

SINGH, S.P. (1973): Histoenzymological demonstration of certain phosphatases in the intestinal mucosa of common garden lizard Calotes versicolor. – Acta histochem., 47 (1): 89-93.

SONAR, A. & S.B. PATIL (1994): Induction of spermatogenesis by exogenous gonadotrophins during nonbreeding season in Calotes versicolor. – Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 32 (7): 461-464.

SUBBA RAO, M.V. (1974): Behaviour of the agamid garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Journal Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 71 (1): 148-150.

SUBBA RAO, M.V. (1975): Influence of body weight, sex and temperature on heart beat in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – British J. Herpet., 5 (4): 464-466.

SUBBA RAO, M.V. (1975): Studies on the food and feeding behaviour of the agamid garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – British J. Herpet., 5 (4): 467-470.

SUBBA RAO, M.V. (1975): Studies on the haematology in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Proceedings Indian Sci. Congr., 62 (3), (B): 191-192.

SUBBA RAO, M.V. & Y.B. MURTY (1977): Effect of starvation on the rate of heart in the agamid garden lizard, Calotes versicolor Daudin. – Journal Anim. Morph. Physiol., 24 (1): 199-201.

SUBBA RAO, M.V., SATYANARAYANACHARYULU, N. & K. JAMES CHRISTOPHER (1970): Pterygosoma neumanni (Berlese) on a garden lizard. – Sci. Cult., 36: 100-101.

SUBRAMANEAN, J. & M.V. REDDY (2010): Seasonal variations in population densities of three lizard species along the Coromandel coast, India. – Hamadryad, 35 (1): 37-45.

SUBRAMANEAN, J. & M.V. REDDY (2012): Diurnal Variation in Densities of Three Species of Lizards — Sitana ponticeriana, Calotes versicolor, and Eutropis bibronii in Relation to Temperature and Relative Humidity Across Different Seasons on Coramandel Coast Near Chennai (India). - Russ. J. Herpetol., 19 (4): 277-283.

Diurnal variation in population densities of the lizard species — Calotes versicolor, Sitana ponticeriana, and Eutropis bibronii in relation to abiotic factors was studied near Chennai on coromandel coast, India. Higher densities of juveniles of S. ponticeriana were found in early morning (7:50 – 8:55 a.m.) in winter and summer while in southwest and northeast monsoon, the hatchlings were found in large numbers in the evenings (13:35 – 16:20 p.m.). Maximum densities of C. versicolor were found during 7:50 – 8:35 a.m. in winter and summer, 15:50 – 16:20 p.m. in southwest monsoon and 9:55 – 10:20 a.m. in northeast monsoon. Maximum densities of E. bibronii were found during the period 7:15 – 7:45 a.m. in winter, 7:55 – 8:30 a.m. in summer, 10:40 – 11:25 in southwest monsoon, and 8:30 – 9:00 a.m. in northeast monsoon. Juvenile population of S. ponticeriana in scrubland and adults of C. versicolor and E. bibronii, in salai and sand dunes, respectively showed significant relationships with air temperature (P < 0.01). The adult (P < 0.01) and hatchling (P < 0.05) of E. bibronii showed significant relationships with ground temperature. Total densities of adults, juveniles and hatchlings of C. versicolor were found to be influenced by all the abiotic variables (P < 0.05). The total population of E. bibronii showed significant correlation with air temperature (P < 0.01) and ground temperature (P < 0.05).

SUDASINGHE, H. & R. SOMAWEERA (2015): Calotes versicolor (Oriental garden lizard) diet. - Herpetological Review, 46 (4): 625-629.

SUD, B.N. (1958): Studies on the Golgi bodies and mitochondria in the living sperm-forming cells of Calotes versicolor (Daud.) by phase-contrast microscopy. – Proc. Indian Sci. Congr., 45 (3): 381.

SUNDARESAN, S.R. & R.J.R. DANIELS (1994): Distribution and abundance of the common garden lizard Calotes versicolor in the Madras Crocodile Bank. – Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 91 (2): 268-274.

TEWARI, H.B. & H.R. TYAGI (1975): On the distribution of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPASE) at the various locales in the retinae of Calotes versicolor (Daud.) (garden lizard) and Naja naja (Linn.) (Indian cobra). – Proceedings Indian Sci. Congr., 62 (3), (B): 196.

THAPLIYAL, J.P. & A. CHANDOLA (1973): Seasonal variation in thyroid hormonogenesis in the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – Journal Endocr., 56 (3): 451-462.

THAPLIYAL, J.P. & G.S. SINGH (1963): Castration effects on the Indian garden lizard (Calotes versicolor). – J. zool. Soc. India, 14: 21-22.

THAPLIYAL, J.-P., SINGH, K.-S. & CHANDOLA, A. (1973): Pre-laying stages in the development of Indian garden lizards Calotes versicolor. – Annales Embryol. Morphogen., 6 (3): 253-259.

THITE, V.K. & A.N. NERLEKAR (2012): Checkered keelback water snake Xenochropis piscator (Schneider, 1799) in the diet of Garden Calotes Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802). - Herpetology Notes 6: 518.

TIWARA, M. & A. SCHIAVINA (1990): Biology of the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin). Part I: Morphometrics. – Hamadryad, 15 (1): 30-33.

TIWARI, K.K. (1947): Some stages in the development of the pineal body of Calotes versicolor Daud. – Proc. Indian Sci. Congr., 33 (3): 134.

TOLSDORFF, R. & B. TOLSDORFF (2000): Urlaubsbeobachtungen an einer Schönechse. – Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift, 53 (3): 36-37.

UNDERWOOD, G. (1945): Egg-laying of the common 'Bloodsucker' (Calotes versicolor). – J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 45: 248.

VARMA, S.K. (1970): Morphology of ovarian changes in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. – J. Morph., 131: 195-210.

VARMA, S.K. & S.S. GURAYA (1973): Histochemical observations on the granulosa (follicular) cells in the preovulatory and postovulatory follicles of garden lizard ovary. Acta anat. 85 (4): 563-579.

VARMA, S.K. & S.S. GURAYA (1973): Histochemical observations on the interstitiual gland cells in the garden lizard ovary. – Acta morph. neerl.-scand., 11 (2): 113-120.

VARMA, S.K. & S.S. GURAYA (1973): Histochemical observations on the follicular atresia in the garden lizard ovary. – Acta morph. neerl.-scand., 11 (3): 241-252.

VARMA, S.K. & S.S. GURAYA (1975): Gross morphology of ovarian changes during the reproductive cycle of Indian lizards (Calotes versicolor and Hemidactylus flaviviridis). – Acta morph. neerl. scand., 13 (3): 201-212.

VISWANATHAM, C.P. & G. VIJAYALAKSHMI (1975): Structure and innervation of muscle spindles in garden lizard (Calotes versicolor). – Journal anat. Soc. India, 24 (3): 85-88.

VYAS, R. & K. UPADHAYAY (2015): Seltsame Beobachtungsplätze von Calotes versicolor (DAUDIN, 1802) bei Naliya, Kutch. Gujarat, Indien. [Strange perching habits of Calotes versicolor (DAUDIN, 1802), at Naliya, Kutch, Gujarat, India]. – Sauria, Berlin, 37 (4): 75-78.

WAßER, K. (1973): Eiablage bei Calotes versicolor. - Aquarien Terrarien, Leipzig, 20 (2): 67. (1371)

WEHNER, W. (1968): Farbveränderungen bei Calotes? - Aquarien Terrarien, Leipzig, 15 (8): 281. (1329)

ZUG, G.R., BROWN, H.H.K., SCHULTE, J.A. II & J.V. VINDUM (2006): Systematics of the garden lizards, Calotes versicolor group (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae). – Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Ser. 4, 57 (1): 35-68.

Abstract:
The Burmese garden lizards represent a complex of several species. DNA sequence and morphological analyses reveal that two species occur sympatrically in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. These two new species are described herein. Additionally, the molecular data demonstrate that Calotes versicolor represents multiple species and at least two clades: one from India-Myanmar and another from Myanmar-Southeast Asia. The morphological investigation does not currently recognize unique trait(s) for each clade, but it does establish a set of morphometric, scalation, and quantitative coloration traits that permit statistical comparison of intra- and interpopulational variation in the versicolor species group.

ZUG, G.R., BROWN, H.H.K., SCHULTE II, J.A. & J.V. VINDUM (1006): Systematics of the garden lizards, Calotes versicolor group (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae), in Myanmar: Central dry zone populations. - Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 57 (2): 35–68. The Burmese garden lizards represent a complex of several species. DNA sequence and morphological analyses reveal that two species occur sympatrically in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. These two new species are described herein. Additionally, the molecular data demonstrate that Calotes versicolor represents mul[1]tiple species and at least two clades: one from India-Myanmar and another from Myanmar-Southeast Asia. The morphological investigation does not currently recognize unique trait(s) for each clade, but it does establish a set of morphometric, scalation, and quantitative coloration traits that permit statistical comparison of intra and interpopulational variation in the versicolor species group.

ZUG, G.R., JACOBS, J.F., VINDUM, J.V. & S.O. WIN (2010): Non-reproductive seasonal colour change in a population of Calotes “versicolor” from Myanmar (Squamata: Agamidae). – Salamandra, Rheinbach, 46 (2): 104-107.

ZUG, G.R., VINDUM, J.V., JACOBS, J.F., KYI, S.L. & M.W. YE (2009): Natural history notes: Calotes "versicolor" (Burmese Garden Lizard). Gliding. – Herpetol. Rev., 40 (3): 340-341.


Calotes versicolor versicolor (DAUDIN, 1802)

Verschiedenfarbige Schönechse / Eastern Garden Lizard / Oriental Garden Lizard

KRITPETCHARAT, O., KRITPETCHARAT, C., LUANGPIROM, A. & P. WATCHARANON (1999): Karyotype of four Agamidae species from the Phu Phan National Park in Thailand. - Science Asia, 25 (4): 185-188.

Verschiedenfarbige Schönechse / Eastern Garden Lizard / Oriental Garden Lizard

AUFFENBERG, W. & H. REHMANN (1995): Calotes versicolor nigrigularis Auffenberg and Rehmann 1993 a junior primary homonym. – Asiatic Herpetological Research, 6: 27.

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