Acanthosaura GRAY, 1831

Nackenstachler

ANANJEVA, N.B., ORLOV, N.L. & S.A. KALYABINA-HAUF (2008): Species of Acanthosaura Gray, 1831 (Agamidae: Sauria, Reptilia)of Vietnam: Results of Molecular and Morphological Study. - Biology Bulletin, 35 (2): 178-186.

On the basis of morphological and molecular data, taxonomic diversity of the agamid genus Acanthosaura in Vietnam is discussed. This genus is represented in Vietnam by four species of two complexes, A. capra and A. lepidogaster. DNA analysis and the absence of reliable finds suggest to exclude A. crucigera and A. armata from the faunal list of Vietnam. The recently described species A. nataliae Orlov, Nguyen and Nguyen, 2006 of the A. capra complex is considered. Two species are recognized in the A. lepidogaster complex, one of which, A. coronata Günther, 1861, Smith (1935) regarded as a synonym of A. lepidogaster (Cuvier, 1829).

BOBROV, V.V. (2015): Lizards (Reptilia, Sauria) from Vietnam in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Museum of Moscow University. 2. Genus Acanthosaura (Family Agamidae). - Current Studies in Herpetology 15 (3/4): 146–152. (in Russisch)

Data on the Acanthosaura lizards of the Vietnam fauna, deposited in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Museum of the Moscow University, are given. The following data are provided for every sample: accession number, capture location, habitat, and collector. The places of capture are shown on the map of the country.

HARBIG, P. & M. MARONDE (1983): Die Gattung Acanthosaura. – Sauria, Berlin, 5 (1): 31-33.

KALYABINA-HAUF, S., ANANJEVA, N.B., JOGER, U., LENK, P., MURTHY, R.W., STUART, B.L., ORLOV, N.L. & W.M.C.T. HO (2004): Molecular phylogeny of the genus Acanthosaura (Agamidae). – Current Herpetology, Kyoto, 23 (1): 7-16.

MANTHEY, U. & W. GROSSMANN (1979): Genus Acanthosaura. – In: Amphibien und Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier – Verlag, Münster: 154-156.

STARK, T. (2011): Acanthosaura. – Terra, 47 (1): 31-33.

WOOD Jr., P.L. (2009): A preliminary phylogeny of the genus Acanthosaura Gray 1931, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear genes. - Abstracts of presentations hold on DeAGAMIS the 1st International Symposium on Agamid Lizards. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, Bonn, 56 (4): 301.

WOOD Jr., P.L., JACKMAN, T.R., BAUER, A.M., GRISMER, L.L., THIRAKHUPT, K., AOWPHOL, A., GRISMER, J.L., ONN, C.K. & N. AHMAD (2010): Biogeography and systematics of the genus Acanthosaura Gray 1931 (Squamata: Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Abstracts of the Second International Symposium on Agamid Lizards «DeAgamis2». - Current Studies in Herpetology, 10 (3/4): 158.

Acanthosaura armata GRAY, 1827

Armored Pricklenape

GOLDBERG, S.R., BURSEY, C.R. & L.L. GRISMER (2016): Acanthosaura armata (Peninsular Horned Tree Lizard) endoparasites. - Herpetological Review, 47 (3): 458.

GOLDBERG, S.R. & L.L. GRISMER (2014): Acanthosaura armata (peninsular horned tree lizard) reproduction. - Herpetological Review, 45 (1): 122-123.

SMITS, J. (2004): Acanthosaura armata. – Lacerta, 62 (1): 3-5.

STEIOF, C., MANTHEY, U. & W. DENZER (1991): Acanthosaura armata (HARDWICKE & GRAY). – Sauria Suppl. Berlin, 1991, 13 (1-4): 217-222. (02.188)

Inhalt:
Beschreibung, Geschlechtsunterschiede, Verbreitung, Klima, Biotop, Lebensweise und Verhalten, Natürliche Nahrung, Terrarienhaltung, Futter, Verhalten im Terrarium, Zucht, Aufzucht, Literatur.

Acanthosaura coronata BOULENGER 1885

GÜNTHER, A. (1861): Second list of Siamese reptiles. - Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861: 187-189.

GÜNTHER, A. (1861): Second list of Siamese reptiles. - Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 8: 266-268.

Acanthosaura crucigera BOULENGER, 1885

Boulenger´s Pricklenape

HEIJNEN, G. (1990): De verzorging en de mislikte kweek van de stekelnekagame (Acanthosaura crucigera). – Lacerta, 48 (6): 178-183. (02.187)

Summary:
A. crucigera is an arboreal lizard from southeast Asia. They are bizar looking, with spines on head, neck and body. The overall colour is brown. On the neck they have a diamond shaped dark brown spot. Maximum length is 33 cm.
In 1985 a couple was obtained.The male died a few weeks later, taking no food at all. It was infected with worms. The female was pregnant and laid 12 eggs. After that she died. The eggs did not hatch.
In 1987 one male and two females were bought. They thrived well on a diet of insects, worms and new-born mice. Temperatures in the terrarium varied between 26 and 18°C. February 1988 a female died, probably due to social stress. In Summer the remaining couple was kept in an outdoor terrarium. Back inside they mated and in December 1988 eleven eggs were produced. Incubated on peat at 29°C none hatched. In March 1989 ten eggs were laid. Eight had been fertilized but none hatched (at 27°C).
At this moment the female lives in an indoor vivarium, while the male occipies the livingroom. Once put together they avoid each other as much as possible.

STETTLER, P.H. (1974): Sozialer Streß bei Acanthosaura crucigera BOULENGER, 1885. – Das Aquarium. 8 (66): 552-556. (02.186)

Inhalt:
Umwelt, Freihaltung im Wohnraum, Name und verwandte Art, Gestalt, Färbung und Geschlechtsunterschied, Biotop, Haltung, Ernährung, Kopulation und Eiablage, Verhalten, Schlußbemerkungen.

STETTLER, P.H. (1975): Sociale ´stress` bij Acanthosaura crucigera BOULENGER, 1885. – Het Aquarium, 46 (5): 130-134.

ULBER, E. & E. ULBER (1984): Bemerkenswerte Verhaltensweisen bei Acanthosaura crucigera. – Sauria, Berlin, 6 (2): 29-30.

WÖHRLE, J. (1996): Nachzucht des Nackenstachlers Acanthosaura crucigera. – elaphe, 4 (4): 21-22.

WÖHRLE, J. (1997): Nachzucht von Nackenstachlern. – Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift, 50 (1): 34.

Acanthosaura lepidogaster CUVIER, 1829

Brown Pricklenape

COTA, M. (2008): Geographic distribution: Acanthosaura lepidogaster (Scale-bellied Spiny Lizard). – Herpetol. Rev., 39 (1): 108-109.

HALLERMANN, J. (2000): The taxonomic status of Acanthosaura fruhstorferi Werner, 1904 and Calotes brevipes Werner, 1904 (Squmata: Agamidae). – Mitt. Mus. Naturk. Berlin, Zool. Reihe, 76 (1): 143-150.

MAO, Z., WANG, Z., WU, Z. & Y. LI (2014): Thermoregulation of Acanthosaura lepidogaster in Luokeng Nature Reserve, Guangdong. - Sichuan J. Zool., 33 (5): 731-736. (In Chinese).

MELL, R. (1952): Bodenrenner im subtropischen Bergwald. Der Nackenstachler (Gonocephalus lepidogaster). – Die Aquar. Terrar. Z., Stuttgart, 5 (6): 160-163.

TRAN, B.T., SATO, H. & P. VAN (2015): A new Cosmocercoides species (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae), C. tonkinensis n. sp., in the scale-bellied tree lizard (Acanthosaura lepidogaster) from Vietnam. – Acta Parasitologica, 60 (3): 407-416.

A new cosmocercid nematode species, Cosmocercoides tonkinensis n. sp., is described from the scale-bellied tree lizard (Acanthosaura lepidogaster) in the northern and central parts of Vietnam. The new species is characterized by medium-sized male worms (4.2–5.1 mm in length and 0.34–0.37 mm in width) relative to known members of the genus, with lateral alae, two sharply pointed spicules of equal length (0.22–0.26 mm in length), a gubernaculum (0.113–0.122 mm in length), 16 or 17 pairs of caudal rosettes, and the presence of somatic papillae. Female worms are slightly larger than male worms (5.3–5.5 mm in length and 0.32–0.42 mm in width), with the vulva situated at 3/5 from the anterior end, and elliptical embryonated eggs, 0.064–0.084 mm long by 0.040–0.048 mm wide. From 19 recorded species of the genus, the morphology of C. tonkinensis n. sp. is closest to C. multipapillata, C. bufonis, and C. pulcher reported from toads and frogs in East Asia. The present new species is differentiated from them by the number of caudal rosettes, tail length relative to body length, presence of somatic papillae and lateral alae, and embryonated eggs. Furthermore, after C. variabilis in North America and C. sauria in Brazil, this new species is only the third species to be recorded from a reptilian host. The 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) of the new species is almost identical to that of C. dukae infecting land snails and slugs in North America. Between the present new species and C. pulcher from a toad (Bufo japonicus) in Japan, remarkably fewer nucleotide changes were noticed in the 18S to 28S rDNA including the internal transcribed spacer regions. The molecular phylogenetic position of the genus Cosmocercoides is briefly discussed.

WERNER, F. (1904): Beschreibung neuer Reptilien aus den Gattungen Acanthosaura, Calotes, Gastropholis und Typhlops. – Zool. Anz. 27: 461-464.

YU, X.L., DU, Y., YAO, Y.T., LIN, C.X. & L.H. LIN (2015): The complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthosaura lepidogaster (Squamata: Agamidae). - Mitochondrial DNA, DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1115500.

In this paper, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthosaura lepidogaster (Squamata, Agamidae), which is a circular molecule of 16 899 bp in size and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a control region. The overall base composition is as follows: T (22.8%), C (30.5%), A (32.3%), and G (14.4%). We constructed a phylogeny that included for 10 species of Leiolepidinae lizards and one outgroup Leiocephalus personatus constructed in BEAST, based on 15 mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, ND1, ND2, COI, COII, ATP8, ATP6, COIII, ND3, ND4L, ND4, ND5, ND6, and cytochrome b). The topology of the phylogenetic tree is broadly similar to that mentioned by Pyron et al.

Acanthosaura nataliae ORLOV, TRUANG & SANG, 2006

ORLOV, TRUONG & VAN SANG (2006): A new Acanthosaura allied to A. capra GÜNTHER, 1861 (Agamidae, Sauria) from central Vietnam and southern Laos. – Russian J. Herp., 13 (1): 62.

Acanthosaura phongdienensis NGUYEN, JINm VO, NGUYEN, ZHOU, CHE, MURPHY & ZHANG, 2019

NGUYEN, S.N., JIN, J.Q., VO, B.D., NGUYEN, L.T., ZHOU, W.W., CHE, J., MURPHY, R.W. & Y.P. ZHANG (2019): A new species of Acanthosaura Gray 1831 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from central Vietnam. – Zootaxa, 4612 (4): 555-565.

Herein, we describe the new agamid species Acanthosaura phongdienensis sp. nov. from central Vietnam based on morphological and genetic data. Males of the new medium-sized species have a snout-vent length of up to 77.4 mm and females up to 64.7 mm. In both genders, the tail is longer than the snout-vent length. A spine occurs on each side of the neck, the rostral scute is entire, and the nuchal and dorsal crests are continuous. A postorbital spine is about half as long as the diameter of the eye-ball, and small lateral scales intermix with large, keeled scales whose tips point backwards and upwards. The new species differs genetically from the closely related species A. brachypoda, A. coronata, and A. lepidogaster by uncorrected p-distances of 13.6%, 21.7%, and 12.8%, respectively. This is the 13^th species of Acanthosaura and the eighth species in the genus from Vietnam.

Acanthosaura phuketensis PAUWELS, SUMONTHA, KUNYA, NITIKUL, SAMPHANTHAMIT, WOOD & GRISMER, 2015

PAUWELS, O.S.G., SUMONTHA, M., KUNYA, K., ANITIKUL, A. SAMPHANTHAMIT, P. WOOD, P.L. JR. & L.L. GRISMER (2015): Acanthosaura phuketensis (Squamata: Agamidae), a new long-horned tree agamid from southwestern Thailand – Zootaxa, 4020 (3): 473–494.

We describe a new lowland forest-dwelling species of the genus Acanthosaura from Phuket Island and the Phuket mountain range in southwestern Thailand. Acanthosaura phuketensis sp. nov., the 11th species in the genus, seems most closely related to A. crucigera from Myanmar and western Thailand and A. cardamomensis from the Cardamom Mountains, but can be differentiated from them by a combination of morphological and coloration characteristics. This new discovery stresses the importance of preserving the last forest patches remaining on Phuket Island, home to three other squamate endemics.

Acanthosaura prasina ANANJEVA, ERMAKOV, NGUYEN, NGUYEN, MURPHY, LUKONINA & ORLOV, 2020

ANANJEVA, N.B., ERMAKOV, O.A., NGUYEN, S.N., NGUYEN, T.T., MURPHY, R.W., LUKONINA, S.A. & N.L. ORLOV (2020): A New Species of Acanthosaura Gray, 1831 (Squamata: Agamidae) from Central Highlands, Vietnam. – Russian Journal of Herpetology, 27 (4): 217-230.

Herein, we describe a new agamid species of the genus Acanthosaura from Central Highlands of Vietnam: Gia Lai Province, Kon Chu Rang NR, and Kon Tum Province: Kon Plông and Ngoc Linh Mountain based on morphological and molecular data. Acanthosaura prasina sp. nov. is distinguished from all congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters. Acanthosaura prasina sp. nov. differs from A. capra, A. murphyi, and A. nataliae by the presence of a short spine on each side of the neck and a smaller body size. From the known species of «lepidogaster» complex and A. coronata it differs in the arrangement of dorsal crests with a distinct double row of vertebral scales, from A. brachypoda in a smaller body size, longer tail and limbs, fewer supra- and infralabials and coloration patterns with a white area on lips and shoulders; from A. lepidogaster by lacking a dark marking on the nape and the absence of a distinct diastema; from A. phongdienensis by lacking a dark marking on the nape. We provide a cyt _b-based estimation of diversity of the genus Acanthosaura. A. prasina sp. nov. differs from A. phongdiensis, A. coronata, A. lepidogaster, A. armata, A. crucigera, A. nataliae, A. phuketensis, and Acanthosaura sp. SK in p-distances of 15.4, 24.5, 14.7, 14.6, 16.3, 14.6, 15.4, and 24.4%, respectively. The new species currently known from three localities from Central Highlands was recorded from 800 to 1700 m a.s.l. in the evergreen polydominant forests in the mountainous regions of Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces. This is the 16th species of Acanthosaura and the ninth species of the genus from Vietnam.

Acanthosaura rubrilabris LIU, RAO, HOU, ORLOV, ANANJEVA & ZHANG, 2022

E: Red Lipped Horned Tree Lizard, Red Lipped Horned Agamid

LIU, S., RAO, D., HOU, M., ORLOV, N.L., ANANJEVA, N.B. & ZHANG, D. 2022. Two New Species of Acanthosaura Gray, 1831 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Yunnan Province, China Russian. – Journal of Herpetology 28 (2): 93-109.